Ch. 3 Vocab

Molecules consisting of carbon linked only to hydrogen atoms

Substances containing carbon

the chain, branche and/or ring of carbons that form the basis of the structure of an organic molecule.

relatively small and simple molecules that bond together to make macromolecules such as polymers

long chained unit composed of many monomers

reaction during which the components of a water molecule are removed, usually as part of the assembly of a larger molecule from smaller subunits

• reaction in which the components of a water molecule are added to functional groups as molecules are broken down into smaller subunits
• "splits" water apart

The atoms in reactive groups

Any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose. They contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water (2:1) and typically can be broken down to release energy in the animal body

the smallest carbohydrates, containing three to seven carbon atoms

two sugar molecules joined together

Chain with more than 10 linked monosaccharide subunits

• Any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many:
• natural oils
• waxes
• steroids

a phosphate-containing lipid

A type of lipid derived from cholesterol

a molecule that contains both an amino and a carboxyl group

Molecules that carry out most of the activites in life, including the synthesis of all other biological molecules. A protein consists of one or more polypeptides depending on the protein

The monomer of nucleic acids consisting of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate

• A complex organic substance present in living cells, esp. DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain
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