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What is a hydrocarbon
Molecules consisting of carbon linked only to hydrogen atoms
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What is an organic compound
Substances containing carbon
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what is a carbon backbone or carbon skeleton?
the chain, branche and/or ring of carbons that form the basis of the structure of an organic molecule.
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What are monomers?
relatively small and simple molecules that bond together to make macromolecules such as polymers
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what are polymers?
long chained unit composed of many monomers
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What is dehydration synthesis?
reaction during which the components of a water molecule are removed, usually as part of the assembly of a larger molecule from smaller subunits
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What is hydrolosis?
- reaction in which the components of a water molecule are added to functional groups as molecules are broken down into smaller subunits
- "splits" water apart
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In general, what are functional groups?
The atoms in reactive groups
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What is a carbohydrate?
Any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose. They contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water (2:1) and typically can be broken down to release energy in the animal body
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What is a monosaccharide?
the smallest carbohydrates, containing three to seven carbon atoms
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What is a disaccharide?
two sugar molecules joined together
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What is a polysaccharide?
Chain with more than 10 linked monosaccharide subunits
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What is a lipid?
- Any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many:
- natural oils
- waxes
- steroids
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what is a phospholipid?
a phosphate-containing lipid
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what are steroids?
A type of lipid derived from cholesterol
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what are amino acids?
a molecule that contains both an amino and a carboxyl group
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what is a protein?
Molecules that carry out most of the activites in life, including the synthesis of all other biological molecules. A protein consists of one or more polypeptides depending on the protein
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What is a nucleotide?
The monomer of nucleic acids consisting of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate
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What is nucleic acid?
- A complex organic substance present in living cells, esp. DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain
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