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Together with blood vessels, nerves, and sensory organs he skin and its associate structures form the
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The outermost portion that itself is subdivided into thin layers
Epidermis
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The surface portion of the skin, the outermost cells of which are constantly lost through wear and tear
Epidermis
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New epidermal cells are produced in the deepest layer which is closest to the dermis. What is this layer called
stratum basale or stratum germinativum
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As the epidermal cells die from the gradual loss of nourishment they undergo changes. the cytoplasm is replaced by large amounts of protein called
keratin
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By the time epidermal cells approach the surface, they are filled with keratin, horny and form the uppermost layer of the epidermis. What is this layer called
stratum corneum
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Cells in the deepest layer of the epidermis produce
melanin
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The cells that produce a dark pigment that colors the skin are called
melanocytes
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"true skin" has a framework of elastic connective tissue and is supplied with blood vessels and nerves. what is this layer called?
dermis
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Portions of the dermis extend upward into the epidermis allowing blood vessels to get closer to the surface cells. These extensions are called
dermal papillae - fingerprints or footprints
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The dermis rests on this layer and is sometimes referred to as the hypodermis or the superficial fascia
subcutaneous
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This layer connects the skin to the surface muscles and consists of loose connective tisue and large amounts of adipose tissue
subcutaneous layer
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Blood vessels that supply the skin with nutrients and oxygen and help regulate the body temperature are through this layer
Subcutaneous layer
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What is the composition of the subcutaneous layer?
Adipose tissue, artery, nerves, veins
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What are the accessory structures of the skin?
Sebaceous (oil) glands, sudoriferous (sweat) glands, hair and nails
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These glands are saclike in structure and their oily secretion (sebum) lubricates the skin and hair and prevents drying
Sebaceous glands (oil)
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The glands are coiled, tubelike structure located in the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue
Sudoriferous gland
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What are the functions of the sudoriferous glands?
Cool the body and serve as a minor ecretory funtion
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These glands are located in the armpits and groin area
Apocrine
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What are the other 3 modified sweat glands?
ceruminous gland in the ear canal, ciliary glands at the edges of the eyelids, and mammary glands
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What is the scientific name for sweat glands
sudoriferous glands
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5. Locate the hair shaft, root and follicle as well as the arrector pili muscle. What does this muscle do?
-the arrector pili muscle raises the hair on the skin and when it contracts it presses on the sebaceous gland and causes the release of sebum to lubricate the skin
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6. Where are the nerve receptors located? What do they do?
- -Nerve receptors are located in the dermis layer. they detect pain and moderate changes in temperature
- -The touch receptor and pressure receptor respond to light touch and deep pressure
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7. List the characteristics of first, second, and third degree burns. What tissue is damaged in each?
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- -first degree burns - superficial and involves the epidermis and perhaps a portion of the dermis. It is characterized by reddened tissue such as a sunburn
- -second degree burns - deep partial thickness involves the epidermis and portions of the dermis. It is characterized by blistered and broken tissue with a weeping surface.
- third degree burns - full thickness involves the full skin and sometimes the subcutaneous tissue and underlying tissues. It is characterized by broken, dry and pale or charred tissue
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What is the rule of nines?
This is the method used to estimate percentages of body surface area in the treatment of burns
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