IBHS Lab quiz6

heart

not or inside

small

instrument used for viewing

skeleton

viscera

internal organs enclosed within a body cavity

• voluntary (skeletal)
• visceral (smooth)
• cardiac

• attached to bone
• controlled by conscious part of brain to produce mvment
• under microcope: striations, alternate light/dark bands

• located in walls of hollow internal structures
• involuntary, lacks striations

• involuntary
• striated

abdomen

two

arm

chest

radiant energy or radius

tibia

widespread non articular pain of torso, extremities and face

tissue replaced by fibrous tissue

fatigue and muscle weakness resulting from defect in conduction of nerve impulses

beside

tetra; four

paralysis

• aka slipped disk
• ruptured disc between vertebrae
• can compress on spinal cord/nerve causing pain

paralysis of lower portion of body and both legs

• paralysis of arms and legs 
• (all 4 extremities)

slight or incomplete paralysis

slight or partial paralysis

paralysis of all four extremities

displacement of bone from joint

breaking of a bone, usually from sudden injury

• bone broken 
• does not puncture skin surface

broken bone is visible thru opening in skin

recording instrument

radient energy

• injury to joint that causes pain and disability
• severity depends on degree of injury to ligaments or tendons

excessive use of a part of body to extent that it's injured to a muscle; caused by violent contraction or excessive forcible stretch

• condition in which muscle protrudes thru fascial overing
• aka fascial hernia

inflammation of tendon

little cell

inflammation

muscle

bone

cartilage

infammation of deep subcutaneous tissue

inflammation of deep subcutaneous tissue and muscle 

• inflammation of bone;
• caused by infection, degeneration or trauma

• infection of bone and bone marrow
• caused by infectious microorganisms

• inflammation of bone and cartilage
• tends to attack bone-forming (ossification) centers of skeleton

• cancers that arise from connective tissue (muscle or bone);
• -sarcoma = malignant tumor

• malignant tumor of cartilage;
• composed of masses of cartilage

malignant tumor with a lot of fibrous tissue

• chronic or acute dx of blood-forming tissues;
• unrestrained growth of leukocytes & their precursors

• dx w/presence of many tumor masses in bone & bone marrow
• ~progressive & fatal

loss of homeostasis in the body

metabolic dx in which reduced mass leads to subsequent fractures, most often affecting postmenopausal women, sedentary individs, & pts receiving long-term steroid therapy

ilium

behind

• posterior iliac crest;
• cells & fluids suctioned from bone marrow;
• results give info about bone marrow fn, WBC, RBC and platelet protection

bone

throax (chest)

thinning

abnormal softening

• reversible skel disorder;
• defect in minerlization of bone
• due to deficiency of VitD

softening of vertebrae

• aka Paget dx
• skel dx of elderly w/chronic bone inflam.
• results=thickening & softening of bones  bowing of long bones

• congenital abnormality w/defective closure of bones of spine
• can cause herniation of sc

• lateral curvature of spine;
• may be congenital or caused by other conditions

• condition where exaggerated curvature of spine from front to back
• aka humpback/hunchback

grp of inherited dx characterized by weakness atrophy of muscle w/out involvemt of nervous sys & progressive disability & loss of strength

skull

herniation

hernial protrusion of brain thru defect in skull

• flatfoot;
• flattening out of carch of foot

ankle

prolapse

joint

inflammatory condition of joints characterized by pain, heat, swelling, redness, limitation of mvmt

• aka degenerative joint dx (DJD)
• form of arthritis, one or many joints undergo degenerative changes, esp loss of articular cartilage
• chronic dx- involves joints bearing wt
• most common type of arthritis
• classified as CT dx

rheumatism

• 2nd most common CT dx
• chronic, systemic--> joint deformities, esp hands & feet

acute and chronic conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness, stiffness of muscles & joint pain

• inflammation of a vertebra
• thought to be arthritis of spine

• inflammation of cartilage btwn vertebrae
• can cause neighboring vertebrae to fuse

• "poker spine"
• whole spine stiffens

inflammation of more than one joint

painful joint

painful joint

• inflammation of a bursa
• does not include joint inflam

• abnormal condition
• joint is immobile and stiff

• autoimmune dx involves CT
• butterfly rash across bridge of nose

• painful metabolic dx; acute arthritis
• inflam of joints, esp in foot/knee
• hereditary
• results= hyperuricemia & deposits of urates in & around joints

inflammation and excessive uric acid

• direct visualization of interior of joint using special fiberoptic arthroscope
• req few small incisions
• diseased/damage cartilage removed

incision of joint

refers to any disease of a joint

• exam interior of joint
• insert endoscope thru small incision
• biopsy of cartilage/damaged synovial membrane allowed
• diagnosis of condition may req removal of loss bodies in joint space

spina bifida

scoliosis

muscular dystrophy

arthritis

osteoarthritis

rhematoid arthritis

arthrodynia

lupus erythematosus

gout

hyperuricemia

pulling the broken fragment into alignment

fracture restoration to its normal position by manipulation w/out surgery

fracture exposed by surgery before broken ends can be aligned

• in open reductions
• uses pins, rods, plates, screws, or other materials to immobilize fracture

• in open & closed reductions
• uses metal pins attached to compression device outside skin surface

• electrical bone stimulation
• bone grafting
• ultrasound tx

• calcium therapy
• vitamin D
• anti-osteoporotics
• estrogen therapy after menopause (prevent/tx of osteoporosis)

• plastic surgery of vertebral fractures
• cement-like substance injected into body of fractured vertebra to stabilize & strengthen it & immed remove pain

excision of a bone (or portion of it)

excision of a rib

excision of segment of skull

incision thru skull

plastic surgery to repair kull

excision of cartilage

• needle inserted into space btwn 3rd & 4th lumbar vertebrae
• specimen of cerebrospinal fluid collected for exam
• LP also necessary for injection of spinal anesthetic

surgical repair of damaged tendons due to deep wound

surgical repair of tendon and muscle

surgical repair of muscle

muscle relaxants

ie. spams w/herniated disk

surgical removal of bony posterior arch of vertebra to permit surgical access to disk so herniatd material can be removed

complete excision of an intervertebral disk

loss of feeling produced by anesthetic injected into spinal canal

• aka spinal tap, lumbar puncture
• puncture of spinal cavity w/needle

abnormal enlargement of joint at base of great toe

• excision of bunion
• and sometimes straighten alignment of toes during same procedure

• antiinflammatories to reduce inflammation & pain, esp  NSAIDs
• physical therapy to restore fn

• ex. aspirin, ibuprofen
• cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) aka celebrex doesn't cause stomach upset

various forms of therapy that relieve sx of arthritis

• may change course of inflammatory conditions (RA)
• slowly progresses dx
• slower acting than NSAIDs
• prescribed w/antiinflammatories

• excessive fluid accumulated in synovial joint after injury
• must be extracted w/needle

surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint

• inhibition of bone marrow
• cancer tx can cause this
• need transplant to stimulate production of normal blood

diskectomy

myelosuppression

antiinflammatories

arthrocentesis

myoplasty