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abdominal
pert. to the abdomen
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ankyloglossia
tongue-tie; a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, thick frenulum (ankly/o = crooked or stiff)
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anorexia
loss of appetite (orexia = appetite)
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antiemetic
drug that prevents or stops vomiting
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aphagia
inability to swallow
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appendectomy
excision of a diseased appendix
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appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix
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ascites
accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity (ascos = bag)
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buccal
pert. to the cheek
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cheilitis
inflammation of the lip
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cheiloplasty
repair of the lip
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cheilostomatoplasty
plastic surgery and restoration of the mouth
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cholangiogram
x-ray image of the bile ducts; often performed during surgery
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cholangiography
radiography of the bile duct
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cholecystectomy
excision of the gallbladder
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cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
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choledocholithiasis
presence of stones in the common bile duct
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cholelithiasis
presence of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
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cirrhosis
chronic disease characterized by degeneration of liver tissue; most often caused by alcoholism or a nutritional deficiency
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colectomy
excision of part or all of the colon
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colitis
inflammation of the colon (large intestine)
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colorectal
pert. to the colon and the rectum
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colostomy
creation of an opening in the colon through the abdominal wall to create and abdominal anus
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colotomy
incision of the colon
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constipation
infrequent or incomplete bowel movements characterized by hardened, dry stool that is difficult to pass (constipo = to press together)
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defecation
evacuation of feces from the rectum
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diarrhea
frequent loose or liquid stools
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diverticula
plural form of diverticulum
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diverticulitis
inflammation of diverticula
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diverticulosis
presence of widespread diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract, especially the colon
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diverticulum
an abnormal side pocket in the gastrointestinal trace; usually related to a lack of dietary fiber
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duodenal
pert. to the duodenum
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dysentery
inflammation of the intestine characterized by frequent, bloody stools; most often caused by bacteria or protozoa
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dyspepsia
indigestion (pepsis = digestion)
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dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing
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endoscope
a device consisting of a tube and optical system for observing the inside of a hollow organ, cavity, or tissue plane
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endoscopy
examination within a body cavity with a flexible endoscope for diagnosis or treatment
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enteritis
inflammation of the small intestine
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epigastric
lying on top of the stomach
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esophageal
pert. to the esophagus
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esophagogastroduodenoscopy
(EGD) examination of the lining of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum with a flexible endoscope
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gastrectomy
partial or complete removal of the stomach
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gastric
pert. to the stomach
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gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
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gastroenterologist
a physician who specializes in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract
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gastroenterology
the study of the gastrointestinal tract and its diseases
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gastroesophageal
pert. to the stomach and the esophagus
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gastrostomy
creation of a new opening through the stomach
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gastrotomy
a gastric or abdominal incision
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gingival
pert. to the gums
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gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
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hematemesis
vomiting blood
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hepatic
pert. to the liver
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hepatitis
inflammation of the liver, usually caused by exposure to an infectious agent
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hepatomegaly
enlargement of the liver
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hernia
protrusion of a part of from its normal location
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herniorrhaphy
repair of a hernia
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hypogastric
pert. to the lower middle of the abdomen
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hypoglossal
under the tongue
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icterus
yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera (white of the eye), and other tissues; (syn = jaundice)
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inguinal
pert. to the region of the groin
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jaundice
yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera (white of the eye), and other tissues; (syn = icterus)
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laparoscopic
pert. to the procedure of laparoscopy
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laparoscopy
examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope for diagnostic purposes
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laparotomy
incision into the abdomen
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melena
dark-colored, tarry stool caused by old blood
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nasogastric
pert. to the nasal passages and the stomach
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nausea
feeling sick in the stomach
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pancreatectomy
excision of the pancreas
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pancreatic
pert. to the pancreas
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pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
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pancreatotomy
surgical incision of the pancreas
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paracentesis*
the puncture of a cavity with removal of fluid
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peritoneal
pert. to the peritoneum
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peritoneum
membrane surrounding the entire abdominal cavity
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peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
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polypectomy
excision of polyps
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proctitis
inflammation of the rectum and the anus
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proctologist
one who specializes in diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus
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proctology
the study of treatment of diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus
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proctoplasty
repair of the anus and rectum
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rectal
pert. to the rectum
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sialoadenitis
inflammation of the salivary glands
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sialoadenopathy
any disease of the salivary gland
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sigmoidoscope
instrument used in the examination of the sigmoid colon
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sigmoidoscopy
examination of the sigmoid colon with a rigid or flexible sigmoidoscope
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stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth
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stomatoplasty
surgical repair of the mouth
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sublingual
under the tongue
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umbilical
pert to the umbilicus
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volvulus
twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction
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