ch 5 micro

Which of the following compounds is NOT an enzyme?
A) Dehydrogenase
B) Coenzyme A
C) Cellulase
D) Sucrase
E) β-galactosidase

Which organism is NOT correctly matched to its energy source?
A) Chemoautotroph — Fe2+
B) Chemoheterotroph — glucose
C) Photoheterotroph — light
D) Chemoautotroph —NH₃
E) Photoautotroph — CO2

Which of the following statements about anaerobic respiration is false?
A) It involves the Krebs cycle.
B) It generates ATP.
C) It involves glycolysis only.
D) It requires cytochromes.
E) It involves the reduction of nitrate.

What is the fate of pyruvic acid in an organism that uses aerobic respiration?
A) It is oxidized in the Krebs cycle.
B) It is oxidized in the electron transport chain.
C) It is reduced to lactic acid.
D) It is catabolized in glycolysis.
E) It is reduced in the Krebs cycle

Fatty acids are catabolized in
A) The pentose phosphate pathway.
B) The electron transport chain.
C) Glycolysis.
D) The Entner Doudoroff pathway.
E) The Krebs cycle.

Which of the following is the best definition of oxidative phosphorylation?
A) The transfer of a high-energy phosphate group to ADP.
B) Electrons are passed through a series of carriers to O2.
C) The energy released as carrier molecules are oxidized is used to generate ATP.
D) The energy released in the reduction of carrier molecules is used to generate ATP.

Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is false?
A) It occurs in the Krebs cycle.
B) The oxidation of intermediate metabolic compounds releases energy that is used to generate ATP.
C) It involves the direct transfer of a high-energy phosphate group from an intermediate metabolic compound to ADP.
D) No final electron acceptor is required.
E) It occurs in glycolysis.

Which of the following statements about photophosphorylation is false?
A) It requires CO2.
B) Light liberates an electron from chlorophyll.
C) It occurs in photosynthesizing cells.
D) The oxidation of carrier molecules releases energy.
E) Energy from oxidation reactions is used to generate ATP from ADP.

A strictly fermentative bacterium produces energy
A) By glycolysis only.
B) Only in the absence of oxygen.
C) By aerobic respiration only.
D) Only in the presence of oxygen.
E) By fermentation or aerobic respiration.

The advantage of the pentose phosphate pathway is that it produces all of the following EXCEPT
A) Precursors for nucleic acids.
B) Precursors for the synthesis of amino acids
C) Precursors for the synthesis of glucose.
D) NADPH.
E) Three ATPs.

Which of the following statements about beta oxidation is false?
A) It is a method of catabolizing fatty acids.
B) It involves the formation of acetyl-CoA.
C) It is used in petroleum degradation.
D) It is a step in glycolysis.
E) It involves the formation of 2-carbon units.

In noncyclic photophosphorylation, O2is produced from
A) C₆H₁₂O₆.
B) Sunlight.
C) CO₂.
D) H₂O.
E) Chlorophyll.

Which of the following is the best definition of fermentation?
A) The complete catabolism of glucose to CO2 and H2O
B) The oxidation of glucose with organic molecules serving as electron acceptors
C) The production of ethanol from glucose
D) The production of energy by substrate-level phosphorylation
E) The reduction of glucose to pyruvic acid

Which of the following is NOT necessary for respiration?
A) A source of electrons
B) Cytochromes
C) Oxygen
D) Flavoproteins
E) Quinones

Which one of the following would you predict is an allosteric inhibitor of the Krebs cycle enzyme, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?
A) NADH
B) Citric acid
C) ADP
D) NAD+  
E) α-ketoglutaric acid

In green and purple bacteria, electrons to reduce CO2 come from
A) C6H12O6.
B) CO2.
C) H2O.
D) Sunlight.
E) Chlorophyll.

Assume you are growing bacteria on a lipid medium that started at pH 7. The action of bacterial lipases should cause the pH of the medium to
A) Stay the same.
B) Decrease.
C) Increase.

Which of the following uses CO2 for carbon and H2 for energy?
A) Chemoautotroph
B) Photoautotroph
C) Chemoheterotroph
D) Photoheterotroph

Which of the following uses glucose for carbon and energy?
A) Chemoautotroph
B) Chemoheterotroph
C) Photoheterotroph
D) Photoautotroph

Which of the following has bacteriochlorophylls and uses alcohols for carbon?
A) Chemoheterotroph
B) Photoautotroph
C) Chemoautotroph
D) Photoheterotroph

Cyanobacteria are a type of
A) Chemoautotroph.
B) Photoheterotroph.
C) Photoautotroph.
D) Chemoheterotroph.

Which statements are true? 1—Electron carriers are located at ribosomes. 2—ATP is a common intermediate between catabolic and anabolic pathways. 3—ATP is used for the long-term storage of energy and so is often found in storage granules. 4—Anaerobic organisms are capable of respiration. 5—ATP is generated by the flow of protons across the cell membrane.
A) 2, 4, 5
B) 1, 2, 3
C) 1, 3, 4
D) All
E) 2, 3, 5

) C2H5OH (Ethanol) ---Acetobacter-->  C2H3OOH (Acetic acid) Which of the following is true about this reaction? A) This process requires O2. B) This process occurs anaerobically.

C6H12O6(Glucose)  ----Saccharomyces--->   2C2H5OH (Ethanol) + 2CO2    Which of the following is true about this reaction? A) This process requires O2. B) This process occurs anaerobically.

NO3- (nitrate ion) + 2H+  ---Pseudomonas--->  NO2- (nitrite ion) + H2O Which of the following is true about this reaction? A) This process requires O2. B) This process occurs anaerobically.

2H+  --E. coli----> H2O    Which of  the following is true about this reaction? A) This process requires O2. B) This process occurs anaerobically

Assume you are working for a chemical company and are responsible for growing a yeast culture that produces ethanol. The yeasts are growing well on the maltose medium but are not producing alcohol. What is the most likely explanation?
A) O2 is in the medium.
B) Not enough protein is provided.
C) The maltose is toxic.
D) The temperature is too low.
E) The temperature is too high

The rates of O2 and glucose consumption by a bacterial culture are shown in Figure 5.6. Assume a bacterial culture was grown in a glucose medium without O2. Then O2 was added at the time marked X. The data indicate that
A) Aerobic metabolism is more efficient than fermentation.
B) These bacteria don't use O2.
C) These bacteria get more energy anaerobically.
D) These bacteria can't grow anaerobically.

An enzyme, citrate synthase, in the Krebs cycle is inhibited by ATP. This is an example of all of the following EXCEPT
A) Competitive inhibition.
B) Allosteric inhibition.
C) Beta oxidation.
D) Noncompetitive inhibition.
E) Feedback inhibition.

A shipping company employee notices that the inside of ships' hulls where ballast water is stored are deteriorating. The hull paint contained cyanide to prevent microbial growth. Bacteria were growing on the hulls. You can therefore conclude that the

A) Bacteria were using aerobic respiration.
B) Bacteria were using cytochromes.
C) Bacteria were growing by fermentation.
D) Bacteria were using anaerobic respiration.
E) Bacteria were photosynthetic

Beggiatoa bacteria get energy by oxidizing S2-to S6+. This means they take ________ for their ________.
A) electrons; fermentation
B) electrons; electron transport chain
C) sulfur; photophosphorylation
D) protons; NAD+
E) glucose; glycolysis

A bacterial culture grown in a glucose-peptide medium causes the pH to increase. The bacteria are most likely
A) Using the peptides.
B) Fermenting the glucose.
C) Oxidizing the glucose.
D) Not growing.

Gallionella bacteria can get energy from the reaction Fe2+ → Fe3+. This reaction is an example of
A) Fermentation.
B) Reduction.
C) Oxidation.
D) The Calvin-Benson cycle.
E) Photophosphorylation.

A urease test is used to identify Myobacterium tuberculosis because
A) M. tuberculosis produces urease.
B) Some bacteria reduce nitrate ion.
C) Urease is a sign of tuberculosis.
D) M. bovis can cause tuberculosis.
E) Urea accumulates during tuberculosis.

Compare and contrast photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation

Rhodopseudomonas is an anaerobic photoautotroph that uses organic compounds as an electron donor. It is also capable of chemoheterotrophic metabolism. Diagram the metabolic pathways of this bacterium.

 Identify the catabolic pathways used by the following bacteria.
Pseudomonas Oxidizes glucose
Lactobacillus Ferments glucose
Alcaligenes Neither oxidizes nor ferments glucose
Escherichia Oxidizes and ferments glucose

 Differentiate the following two laboratory tests: starch hydrolysis and starch fermentation

Streptococcus lacks an electron transport chain. How does this bacterium reoxidize NADH? Where is the NADH formed?

You look in the refrigerator and find some orange drink you had forgotten was there. The drink now has an off taste and bubbles. What is the most likely explanation for the changes in the drink?

Why is Clostridium perfringens likely to grow in gangrenous wounds?

Which of the following reactions produces the most molecules of ATP during aerobic metabolism?
A) succinic acid -->fumaric acid
B) glucose  --> pyruvic acid
C) glucose -->glucose 6 phosphate
D) phosphoenolpyruvic acid -->pyruvic acid
E) acetyl CoA -->CO₂ + H₂O

Which of the following processes does not generate ATP?
A) photophosphorylation
B) the Calvin-Benson Cycle
C) oxidative phosphorylation
D) substrate-level phosphorylation
E) none of the above

Which of the following compounds has the greatest amount of energy for a cell?
A) lactic acid
B) O₂
C) CO₂
D) glucose
E) ATP

Which of the following is the best definition of the Krebs cycle?
A) a method of producing ATP by phosphorylating ADP
B) the way cells produce O₂
C) a series of chemical reactions in which ATP is produced from the oxidation of pyruvic acid
D) a series of chemical reactions in which NADH is produced from the oxidation of pyruvic acid
E) the oxidation of pyruvic acid

Which is the following is the best definition of respiration?
A) a sequence of carrier molecules with O₂ as the final electron acceptor
B) a sequence of carrier molecules with an inorganic molecule as the final electron acceptor
C) a method of generating APT
D) a series of reactions in which pyruvic acid is oxidized to CO₂ and H₂O
E) the complete oxidation of glucose to CO₂ and H₂O

Which produces the most lactic acid?
A) E.coli growing in glucose broth at 35degrees C with O₂ for 5 days
B) E.coli growing in glucose broth at 35 degrees C without O₂ for 5 days
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Which culture produces the most ATP?

A) E.coli growing in glucose broth at 35degrees C with O2 for 5 days 
B) E.coli growing in glucose broth at 35 degrees C without O2 for 5 days 
C) both a and b 
D) neither a nor b

Which culture uses NAD⁺?

A) E.coli growing in glucose broth at 35degrees C with O2 for 5 days
B) E.coli growing in glucose broth at 35 degrees C without O2 for 5 days
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Which culture uses the most glucose?

A) E.coli growing in glucose broth at 35degrees C with O2 for 5 days
B) E.coli growing in glucose broth at 35 degrees C without O2 for 5 days
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b