An individual’s genetic endowment that is inherited
Genotype
Conditions and circumstances that surround an individual
Environment
Genetic material is passed on as chromosomes
Carry all the biochemical instructions involved in the formation and functioning of an organism
Transmission of genotype
long, threadlike molecules made up of DNA
23 Female
23 Male
Chromosomes
is not expressed if a dominant allele is present.
Recessive allele
is the form of the gene that is expressed if present.
Dominant allele
Having inherited two genes of the same allelic form for a trait.
Homozygouos
Having inherited two genes of different allelic forms for a trait.
Heterozygous
are specialized cells that are the basic units of the brain’s information system.
Neurons
glial cells form a _____ around certain axons, providing insulation that increases the speed and efficiency of information transmission.
Mylein sheath
are major areas of the cortex that are associated with different categories of behavior.
Lobes of cortex
Which hemisphere ?
Sensory information and control of right side of body
Verbal abilities
Positive emotion
Sequential, analytical processing
Left
Which hemisphere
Sensory information and control of left side of body
Spatial abilities
Negative emotion
Holistic, integrative processing
Right
the proliferation of neurons through cell division; is largely complete by about 18 weeks after conception
Neurogenesis
Each neuron forms synapses with thousands of other neurons, resulting in the formation of trillions of connections.
Synaptogenesis
The extensive generation of neurons and synapses results in an overabundance that must be eliminated.
Synaptic pruning
is the capacity of the brain to be affected by experience.
Plasticity
process through which the normal wiring of the brain occurs as a result of general experiences that every human who inhabits any reasonably normal environment will have.
Experience- Expectant plasticity
is the process through which neural connections are created and reorganized throughout life as a function of an individual’s experience.