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What are contraindications to breastfeeding? (4)
- 1. galactosemia
- 2. HIV in developed countries without ARVs
- 3. mother on chemotherapy
- 4. current substance abuser
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What should infants be supplemented with right after birth? (3) After 6 months? (3)
Right after birth: vitamin K, if preterm may require fortifiers, vitamin D if mom doesn't get outside enough.
After 6 months: Add Zn, Fe, F (non essential)
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How many extra calories should moms take in while breastfeeding? Can moms lose weight?
Around 300-400 calories.
Weight loss should be okay. Since excessive weight gain is associated with shorter duration of breastfeeding it is recommended.
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What is recommended for pregnant moms? (5)
- Intakes of which should be increased? (6)
- What vitamin should be limited?
For vegetarian moms? (2)
- 1. Moderate exercise, low fat diet
- 2. Omega 3s
- 3. Iron supplement (30 mg/day), B9, B6 fiber, calcium, fluid, vitamin C
- 4. +350 kcal in 2nd trimester and +450 in 3rd trimester
- 5. Ensure not too much vitamin A
6. B12 and protein.
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What should nonpregnant women make sure to do preconceptionally? (4)
- What should she consume? (3)
- 1. Modest weight gain/loss to normal weight
- 2. Consumption of antioxidants and omega-3 FAs and folate
- 3. Controlled PKU and celiac disease
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What should lactating mom do? (3)
Eat same things as pregnancy, esp B6, breastfeed before exercise.
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What are the percentile cutoff points for
1. weight for age? (2)
2. weight for length? (4)
3. length for age (2)
- 1. >90th percentile (monitor for healthy weight), <10th percentile, evaluate for failure to thrive.
- 2. >90th percentile (monitor for healthy weight), <10th percentile, evaluate for failure to thrive. >95th - obese. < 5th, underweight.
- 3. Length for age - < 10th - failure to thrive; <5th short stature.
Basically, weight for age (90,10), weight for length (5,10,90,95), length for age - 5, 10
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What are issues with current state of infant affairs? (7)
- 1. Must improve fat composition (too much saturated fat)
- 2. Not enough fiber
- 3. Oversupplementation?
- 4. Decline of infant cereal consumption
- 5. Intro of unmodified cow's milk too early
- 6. Fruit and veggie consumption below recommendations
- 7. Need more research on requirements/UL/roles of vitamins, minerals for young children.
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