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Sympathetic nervous system is aka
- Fight or flight
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- Andrenergic system
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What are signs of SNS stimulation
- dilated pupils
- increased RR, HR, & P
- decreased peristalsis
- increased blood glucose
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What are the catecholamines for the SNS
- norepinephrine
- epinephrine
- dopamine
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What do catecholamines/neurotransmitters for the SNS bind to
adrenergic receptor
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Where are Alpha 1 adregeneric receptors located?
post synaptic effector cells that stimulate the nerve
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Where are Alpha 2 adregeneric receptors located?
pre-synaptic nerve terminals
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What do Alpha 2 adregeneric receptors control?
release of the neurotranmitters(epinephrine & norepinephrine)
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What SNS effect will you get when the alpha receptors are stimualted
- vasoconstriction & CNS stimulation
- Increased BP
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Where are Beta 1 receptors located?
heart and kidneys
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What occurs when Beta 1 receptors are stimulated
- increased HR
- increased heart contractility
- increased renin secreations
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When when Beta 1 receptors are stimulated what is the positive intropic effect
increased force of contraction
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When when Beta 1 receptors are stimulated what is the positive chronotropic effect
Increased HR
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When when Beta 1 receptors are stimulated what is the positive dromotropic effect
increased impulses through the AV node
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What occurs when Beta 2 receptors are stimulated
- bronchdialtion
- relaxation of smooth muscle in GI & GU
- increased glycogenolysis
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Where are Beta 2 adrenergic receptors located
smooth muscle fibers of bronchioles, arterioles, and visceral organs(lungs)
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What stimulates the dopamine receptors
dopamine only
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What occurs when dopaminergic receptors are stimulated
renal mesenteric, coronary, and cerebral arteries dialte
Increase blood flow
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What are sympathomimetic drugs
Drugs that mimic the effects of the SNS
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What is the action of mechanism of direct acting sympathomimetic drugs
Bind directly to the receptor and cause a reaction
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What is the action of mechanism of indirect acting sympathomimetic drugs
Cause neurotransmitters to be released from storage sites, they then bind to receptors and cause a response
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What is the action of mechanism of mixed acting sympathomimetic drugs
They bind to receptors and cause the release of neurotranmitters to cause a reaction
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What are the indications for adrenergic drugs?
Respiratory=Asthama & bronchitis
Topical nasal decongestant
Opthalmic=glaucoma & eye exam
Cardio= vascoconstriction/Increase BP
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When using adrenergic drugs for asthma and bronchitis what receptor is effected and what occurs
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What are some examples of adrenergic drugs for asthma or bronchitis
- albuterol
- ephedrine
- epinephrine
- salmeterol
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When using adrenergic drugs as a topical nasal decongestant what receptor is effected and what occurs
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What is an example of an adrenergic drug used as a topical nasal decongestant
phenylephrine
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When using adrenergic drugs for glaucoma or eye exams what receptor is effected and what occurs
- Alpha 1
- vasoconstriction
- reduction in intraocular pressure
- pupil dialtion
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What is an example of an adrenergic drug used as for glaucoma or eye exams
- epinephrine
- phenlyephrine
- tetrahydrozline
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When using adrenergic drugs for the cardiovascular system(pressors) what receptor is effected and what occurs
- Both Alpha & Beta
- Vasoconstruction
- Increases BP
- Used to support cardio system during cardiac failure
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What are some examples of "pressors" and how are they given
- doubtamine
- dopamine
- epinephrine
- fenoldopam
- norepinephrine
- Given by IV or pump, not meds a pt. will be sent home on
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What are the only contraindications for adrenergic drugs
- Known allergy
- Severe hypertension
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