Entomology Exam 2

What are the 3 Main Components of Insect Reproduction?

The three different ways of laying eggs?

What Embryonic layer develops the (Epidermis, Nervous System, Trachea, Fore and Hind Gut)?

What Embryonic layer develops the (Muscles, Fat Body, Gonads, and Heart)?

What Embryonic layer develops the (Midgut)?

What is the change from an immature to an adult in insects?

What is the period between molts called? 

What type of development?
- Means "without change" No Metamorphosis 
- Egg - Several larval instars - Several imaginal instars 
- Adults will Molt 
- Apterous (Without Wings) 
- Collembola, Diplura, Thysanura, Archeognatha

What type of Development?
- Incomplete Metamorphosis
-Egg - Several Larval Instars - Winged/Sexually Mature Adult
-Nymph/Naiad

What Type of Development?
-Complete Metamorphosis 
- Egg - Several larval Instars - Pupal Instar - Winged/Sexually Mature Adult
-Pupa
-Larvae

What group of cells in Larvae will develop into adult features? What do they develop into? 

What is hidden inside a pupal case (After Apolysis and Before Ecdysis)?

What Endocrine Structure produces Peptide Hormone in the Brain and Ventral Ganglia? What are the Three Peptide Hormones? 

What is the tanning hormone that regualates the sclerotization process? 

What 2 Hormones are involved in regulating the actual ecdysis event and associated behaviors?

What is the Endocrine structure that produces the Juvenile Hormone?

What Endocrine Structure produces Ecdysome?

What Endocrine Structure produces Ecdysis-Triggering Hormone? 

What Hormone determines the developmental stage for the next molt? If present then the insect remains juvenile, if absent then a molt to an adult or pupae will occur? Where is it Found?

What steroid hormone regulates Ecdysis Hormone, Initiates Ecdysial Events starting before Apolysis and is Regulated by Prothoracicotropic Hormone (PTTH)? Where is it Produced?

What is the Removal of Corpora Allata?

What are the 3 Main Reproductive Organs of a Male? What are there Purpose?

What are the 3 Main Reproductive Organs of a Female? What are there Purpose?

What is the process of Egg Development, Yolk Deposition, and formation of Chorion

What is the Chorion of the Female Reproductive System?

What is the process of Laying Eggs?

What takes place just before Oviposition? What is occuring during this?

Ovaries are divided into multiple what? The main part of this section is called what? 

What is the Sex Determination of a Heterogamy? (XX=?, XY=?)

What type of Reproduction has Development without Fertilization? 

What is the Sex Determination of a Haplodiploidy?(X=?, XX=?)

What is it called when eggs are laid external to the mother?

What is it called when the eggs are retained in the mother, as she gives birth to live young?

What is it called when embryo recieves nourishment from the mother, may be an egg and she gives birth to live young?

What type of insect has one generation per year?
..........2 per Year? .........3 per Year? 
Example?

What is an Adverse Condition?

What is the Direct Response to Adverse Conditions?

Developments started in advacne to Adverse Conditions? What things affect this change?

What are the two different types of Diapause? Description?

What is it called when there is a distince difference in size or appearance between sexes?

What are the 3 Main Digestive Sections of an Insect? (Gut)

What Digestive Structures are found in the Foregut? (4)

What Digestive Structures are found in the Midgut? (1)

What Digestive Structures are found in the Hindgut? 

What Digestive Structure starts digestion and is used for extra-oral digestion?

What Digestive Structure Stores Food?

What Digestive Structure is considered a Valve and can Grind Food? 

What Digestive Structure can hold Symbionts that Aide in Digestion?

Were does Most Digestion take place along with Most Absorbtion of Nutrients?

What Digestive Structure and Section Excretes waste?

What are the Two Ways of Symbiosis involving Microorganism and Insects? Examples?

Where do Microorganisms live inside and Insect, with Internal Symbiosis? 

What is the Function of Symbiont Microorganisms?

What are the 7 Essential Nutrients that Insects Need? 

What Digestive Structure has Blind End Tubes that Connect the Junction of the Midgut and the Hindgut? 

What are the Three Types of Nitrogenous Waste Excreted?

What Excretory Modification System is at the Distal End of the Malpighian Tubules and are Associated with the Hindgut? What Does it Do?

What Excretory Modification System does the Malpighian Tubules and Posterior End of the Midgut fold around the Anterior Midgut? What Does it Do?

What Reproduction has XY=Male XX= Female?

What Sex Determination has X= Male Haploid, XX=Diploid Female?

What Respiration Structure is made of  Hollow Air Filled Tubes? 

That is the Thickened Cuticle of the Trachea Called?

What Respiration Structure is made up of Small Diameter, Contact Cells?

What are Large Trachea Without Taenidia?

What Part of an Insects Ventilation System is a Valve to the Outside of their Body?

What is the Simple Diffusion of Gas through the Tracheal System?

What is the Forcing of Air Movement throught the Tracheal System?

Why can Diffusion Account for Gases Exchange? 

What Type of Aquatic Gas Exchange is Being Used When Gills or Tracheal Gills are Present? 

What Stage of Insects Life do Gills Only Occur?

What is the Thin-Walled Outgrowth of the Cuticle, Used in Aquatic Gas Exchange (Cutaneous)

What Type of Aquatic Gas Exchange Systme requires Surface Contact, with the use of Plastron or Spiracle Tubes?

Is Size Limitation of Modern Insects Related to Oxygen Supply?

What is the Insect Equivalent to Blood?

What Circulatory System Allows Hemolymph to Circulate Freely in the Hemocoel? 

What is the Open Body Cavity Found in Insects?

Do Insects Have Hemoglobin?

What Are the Functions of Circulatory System? (5)

What Organ and Muscles are found in the Abdomen that Pump Hemolymph?

Whats the Valve that allows blood into an Insects Heart?

What Circulatory Organ is found in the Thorax & Head?

What Circulatory Organ is found in the Wings & Antennae?

Which Way Does Blood Flow in an Insects Body?

What part of Hemolyph is made up of Water, Salts, Waste Molecules, Proteins, Amino Acids, Carbs, Lipids?

What part of the Hemolyph is made up of Blood Cells? 

What is the Function of Hemolyph (Hemocytes)?

What Immune Response is Made up of Antibacterial or Antifungal Peptides that are Released into the Circulation? 

What Immune Response causes Phagocytosis, Encapsulation, and Nodule Formation?

What is the Regulation of Body Temperature Called?

What Type Organism are Cold Blooded?

What Type of Organisms are Warm Blooded? 

What Type of Organism Rely on an External Source to Increase Body Temp? 

What Type of Organism Rely on Internal Source to Increase Body Temp?

What do most Insects do for Thermoregulation?

What Behavioral Activities that Insects Use for Cold Survival? (3) 

What Determines the Cold hardiness of an Insect?

The Temperature at which Ice Crystals form Below 0 Degrees C

Some Insects may be Resistent to Supercooling Point due to Presence of Solutes or Anti-Freeze Agents Like?

What are the Two Strategies to Survival of Cold Temperatures?

What Muscles are all Striated and both Ends Attache to Cuticle? 

What are the muscle of Internal Organs Called? 

What Attaches Skeletal Muscles to the Cuticle?

What Innervation send One Nerve Impulse resulting in One Contraction

What Innervation Sends One Nerve Impulse Resulting in Multiple Contraction?

What Locomotion has 3 Legs on Substrate at Once Forming a Tripod?

What Type of Locomotion has Less that 3 Legs on a Substrate? 

What Type of Locomotion is the Hind Legs the Most Powerful?

What Muscles and What Type of Muscles are Used When Flying? 

Muscle Directly Attached to Wing Hinge Region?

Muscle Not Directly Attached to Wing Hinge Region?

Two Types of Indirect Wing Muscle Attachement?