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Christian Humanism
humans had the ability to think + reason + still be christians
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Erasmus (reformer)
- Holland
- believe in god, don't just focus on being saved
- stresses the inwardness of religious feeling
- emotional connection w/ God
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"Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched"
Luther takes Erasmus' idea + increases its importance
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Martin Luther years
1483-1546
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Where was Martin Luther from?
He was a German monk
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Why does Martin Luther devote his life to God?
- plague kills his friends
- he almost dies from a lightening bolt
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How many times a day did Martin Luther go to confession?
4
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What was Martin Luther upset with?
the catholic practice of selling indulgences
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indulgence
- certificate from church officials
- lessen years in purgatory
- forgiven for your sins
- buying your way into heaven
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Pope Leo X
- gave permission to sell indulgences
- (Luther thinks he's corrupt)
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John Tetzel (monk)
- "As soon as coin in coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs"
- first advertiser
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Luther believes people are fooling themselves if they try to..
" bribe god "
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95 Theses
- October 31, 1517
- Luther nails to the Church of Wittenberg
- criticisms of the Catholic church
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Diet of Worms
- 1521
- Holy Roman Emperor (Charles V) invites German princes + a papal rep to decide on Luther's fate
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quote of Luther at Diet of Worms
"I am bound by the scriptures I have quoted + my conscience is captive to the word of God. I cannot + will not retract anything since it is neither safe nor right to go against conscience"
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Luther is excommunicated
he is a heretic and outlaw
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Luther's writings are spread by
the printing press
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Protestant
- protesting the practices of the Catholic church
- reform church
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4 key questions
- How is a person to be saved?
- Where does religious authority reside?
- What is the church?
- What is the highest form of Christian life?
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How is a person to be saved?
- catholicism- stressed faith + good works, the sacraments
- protestantism- emphasis on faith alone, no good works, 2 sacraments
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Where does religious authority reside?
- catholicism- Pope is final authority
- protestantism-
bible
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What is the church?
- catholicism- hierarchy of clergy
- a protestantism- community of believers
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What is the highest form of Christian life?
- catholicism- celibacy- no marriage + children, married to god, life of a monk
- protestantism- no celibacy, direct connection, personal
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