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What are the muscles responsible for scapular retraction?
- middle trapezius
- rhomboids
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What muscles are responsible for scapular protraction?
- Serratus anterior
- Pectoralis minor
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What muscles are responsible for scapular elevation?
- Upper trapezius
- levator scapula
- rhomboids
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What muscles are responsible for scapular depression?
- Lower trapezius
- pectoralis minor
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What muscles are responsible for scapular upward rotation?
- Upper trapezius
- Lower trapezius
- Serratus anterior
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What muscles are responsible for scapular downward rotation?
- Rhomboids
- Levator scapulae
- Pectoralis minor
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What muscles are responsible for shoulder flexion?
- Anterior deltoid
- Pectoralis major (clavicular)
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What muscles are responsible for shoulder extension?
- Posterior deltoid
- latissimus dorsi
- Teres major
- Pectoralis major (sternal head, from 180-120* flexion)
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What muscles are responsible for shoulder abduction?
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What muscles are responslible for shoulder adduction?
- Pectoralis major
- teres major
- latissimus dorsi
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What muscles are responsible for horizontal abduction?
- Posterior deltoid
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
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What muscles are responsible for horizontal adduction?
- Pectoralis major
- anterior deltoid
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What muscles are responsible for external/lateral shoulder rotation?
- Posterior deltoid
- Teres minor
- infraspinatus
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What muscles are responsible for internal/medial shoulder rotation?
- Latissimus dorsi
- teres major
- subscapularis
- Pectoralis major
- Anterior deltoid
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What muscles are responsible for elbow flexion?
- Brachialis
- brachioradialis
- biceps brachii
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What muscles are responsible for forearm pronation?
- pronator teres
- pronator quadratus
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What muscles are responsible for forearm supination?
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What muscles are responsible for wrist flexion?
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
- [palmaris longus]
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What muscles are responsible wrist extension?
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- extensor carpi ulnaris
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What muscles are responsible for radial deviation?
- flecor carpi radialis
- extensor carpi radialis longus
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What muscles are responsible for ulnar deviation?
flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi ulnaris
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What muscles are responsible for hip flexion?
- Rectus femoris
- iliospoas
- [pectineus]
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What muscles are responsible for hip extension?
- Gluteus maximus
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus
- biceps femoris (long head)
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What muscles are responsible for hip abduction?
- gluteus medius
- gluteus minimus
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What muscles are responsible for hip adduction?
- pectinues
- adductor longus
- adductor brevis
- adductor magnus
- gracilis
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What muscles are responsible for external/lateral hip rotation?
- Gluteus maximus
- deep rotators (piriformis, obturator externus, obturator internus, quadratus femoris, gamellus superior, gamellus inferior)
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What muscles are responsible for knee extension?
- Quadriceps group:
- -rectus femoris
- -vastus lateralis
- -vastus medialis
- -vastus intermedialis
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What muscles are responsible for knee flexion?
- hamstring group:
- -semitendinosus
- -semimembranosus
- -biceps femoris
- popliteus *unlocks knee from the screw home mechanism*
- gastrocnemius
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What muscles are responsible for ankle plantar flexion?
- gastrocnemius
- soleus
- Assistors:
- plantaris
- Tibialis posterior
- Flexor digitorum longus
- flexor hallucis longus
- peroneus longus
- peroneus brevis
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What muscles are responsible for ankle dorsiflexion?
- Tibialis anterior
- [Extensor hallucis longus]
- [Extensor digitorum longus]
- [peroneus tertius]
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What muscles are resonsible for ankle inversion?
- Tibialis anterior
- Tibialis posterior
- [flexor hallucis longus]
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What muscles are responsible for ankle eversion?
- Peroneus longus
- peroneus brevis
- [peroneus tertius]
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What muscles are responsible for capital extension?
- Suboccipital group:
- -Obliquus capitis inferior
- -Obliquus capitis superior
- -Rectus capitis posterior minor
- -Rectus capitis posterior major
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What muscles are responsible for capital flexion?
- The prevertebral group:
- -Longus Colli
- -Longus capitis
- -Rectus capitis anterior
- -Rectus capitis lateralis
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What muscles are responsible for cervical flexion?
- Sternocleidomastoid
- [scalenes]
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What muscles are responsible for cervicle extension?
- Splenius capitis
- Splenius cervices
- Erector spinae (longissimus, iliocostalis, spinalis)
- Transversopinalis (rotatores, multifidus, semispinalis)
- Interspinales
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What muscles are responsible for cervical lateral flexion?
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Splenius capitis
- Splenius cervices
- Scalenes
- Erector spinae (longissimus, iliocostalis, spinalis)
- Intertransversarii
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What muscles are responsible for cervical rotation?
- Sternocleidomastoid (contralateral)
- Transversospinalis (contralateral)
- Splenius capitis
- Splenius cervices
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What muscles are responsible for trunk flexion?
- Rectus abdominis
- Abdominal internal oblique
- Abdominal external oblique
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What muscles are responsible for trunk extension?
- Erector spinae (bilateral contraction) (longissimus, iliocostalis, spinalis)
- Transversospinalis (bilateral contraction) (rotators, multifidus, semispinalis)
- Interspinales
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What muscles are responsible for trunk lateral flexion?
- Intertransversarii
- Quadratus lumborum
- Erector spinae (longissimus, iliocostalis, spinalis)
- Internal oblique
- External oblique
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What muscles are responsible for trunk rotation?
- Internal oblique (ypsilateral)
- External oblique (contralateral)
- Transversospinalis (rotatores, multifidus, semispinalis)
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What muscles are responsible for abdominal compression?
- Rectus abdominis
- External oblique
- Internal oblique
- Transverse abdominis*
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What is the limitation (capsular pattern) of atlanto-occiputa joint?
extension, side flexion equally limited
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What is the limitation (capsular pattern) of the cervical spine?
side flexion and rotation equally limited, extension
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What is the limitation (capsular pattern) of the glenohumeral joint?
lateral rotation, abduction, medial rotation
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What is the limitation (capsular pattern) of the sternoclavicular joint?
pain at extreme of range of movement
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What is the limitation (capsular pattern) of the acromioclavicular joint?
Pain at extreme of range of movement
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What is the limitation (capsular pattern) of the ulnohumeral joint?
flexion, extension
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What is the limitation (capsular pattern) of the radiohumeral joint?
flexion, extension, supination, pronation
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What is the limitation (capsular pattern) of the proximal radioulnar joint?
pronation, supination
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What is the limitation (capsular pattern) of the distal radioulnar joint?
full range of movement, pain at extremes of rotation
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What is the limitation (capsular pattern) of the wrist?
flexion and extension equally limited
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What is the limitation (capsular pattern) of the trapeziometacarpal joint?
abduction, extension
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What is the limitation (capsular pattern) of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints?
flexion, extension
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What is the limitation (capsular pattern) of the thoracic spine?
side flexion and rotation equally limited, extension
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What is the limitation (capsular pattern) of the lumbar spine?
side flexion and rotation equally limited, extension
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What are the limitations (capsular patterns) of the Sacroiliac, symphysis pubis, and sacrococcygeal joints?
pain when joints are stressed
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What is the limitation (capsular pattern) of the hip joint?
flexion, abduction, *medial rotation (sometimes the most limited)
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What is the limitation (capsular pattern) of the knee joint?
flexion, extension
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What is the limitation (capsular pattern) of the tibiofibular joint?
pain when the joint is stressed
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What is the limitation (capsular pattern) of the talocrural joint?
plantarflexion, dorsiflexion
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What is the limitation (capsular pattern) of the talocalcaneal (subtalar) joint?
limitation of varus range of movement
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What is the limitation (capsular pattern) of the midtarsal joint?
dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, adduction, medial rotation
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What is the limitation (capsular pattern) of the 1st MTP joint?
extension, flexion
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What is the limitation (capsular pattern) of the 2nd - 5th MTP joint?
variable
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What is the limitation (capsular pattern) of the interphalangeal joint?
flexion, extension
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Loose packed position of facet?
midway between flexion and extension
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Loose packed position of temporomandibular joint?
Mouth slightly opened
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Loose packed position of the glenohumeral joint?
55 degrees abduction, 30 degrees horizontal adduction
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Loose packed position of AC joint?
arm resting by side in normal physiological position
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Loose packed position of ulnohumeral (elbow) joint?
70 degrees flexion, 10 supination
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Loose packed position of radiohumeral joint?
full extension, full supination
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Loose packed position of the proximal radioulnar joint?
70* flexion, 35* supination
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loose packed position of Distal radioulnar?
10* supination
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Loose packed position of the wrist/radiocarpal joint?
Neutral with slight ulnar deviation
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Loose packed position of the carpometacarpal joint?
Midway between abduction - adduction and flexion - extension
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Loose packed position of the MCP joint?
slight flexion
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Loose packed position of the IP joint (hands)?
slight flexion
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Loose packed position of the hip joint?
30*flexion, 30* abduction, slight lateral rotation
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Loose packed position of the knee?
25* flexion
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Loose packed position of Talocrural (ankle) joint?
10* plantar flexion, midway between max inversion & max eversion
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Loose packed position of the subtalar joint?
midway between extremes of ROM
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Loose packed position of the midtarsal joint?
Midway between extremes of ROM
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Loose packed position of the TMT joint?
midway between extremes of ROM
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Loose packed position of MTP joint?
Neutral
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Loose packed position of the IP joint (feet)?
slight flexion
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Close packed position of the facet joint?
extension
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Close packed position of the temporomandibular joint?
clenched teeth
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Close packed position of the GH joint?
abduction, ER
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Close packed position of the AC joint?
abd to 90*
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Close packed position of the SC joint?
max shoulder elevation
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Close packed position of the ulnohumeral (elbow) joint?
extension
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Close packed position of the radiohumeral joint?
elbow flexion 90*, supination 5*
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Close packed position of the proximal radioulnar joint?
5* supination
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Close packed position of the distal radioulnar joint?
5* supination
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Close packed position of the radiocarpal (wrist) joint?
extension with radial deviation
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Close packed position of the of the MCP (fingers) joint?
full flexion
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Close packed position of the MCP (thumb) joint?
full opposition
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Close packed position of the of the IP joint?
full extension
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Close packed position of the hip joint?
full extension, IR
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Close packed position of the knee?
full extension, ER of tibia
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Close packed position of the talocrural (ankle)?
max DF
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Close packed position of the subtalar joint?
supination
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Close packed position of the midtarsal joint?
supination
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Close packed position of the tarsometatarsal joint?
supination
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Close packed position of the MTP joint?
full extension
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Close packed position of the IP (foot) joint?
full extension
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