bio ch. 5

uses energy to go from low to high concentration of ion

have a bad Cl- active transporter gene

pushes things out of the cell

brings things inside the cell

things come in the cell because there is a receptor on the outside saying "over here"

cell eating

cell drinking

cells making energy from food

capacity to do work

energy that isn't being used. example: car @ top of hill

energy that is being actively used. example: car going up hill

energy that is stored in chemical reactions; potential energy; atp

energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can change its form

when energy is converted from one form to another, the amount of useful energy decreases

randomness and disorder that increases from 2nd law

extra energy is given off when the bonds forms

it takes extra energy to form a bond

sum of all chemical reactions

breaks large molecules into small. example: NaCl--- Na + Cl-

small molecules built up to large. example: Na + Cl- = NaCl

proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy; catalysts; very specific; very efficient

energy needed to make a reaction go

molecule to be changed; key

part of the enzyme that binds to the substrate; lock

missing a particular enzyme

change the enzyme's activity

small organic molecule that is required for some enzymes to work

small, inorgainc molecule that is required for some enzymes to work; iron, zinc, magnesium, calcium

something else competes for the active site; sulfa drugs

PABA from being converted to folic acid

changes structure of enzyme so it doesn't work any more. example: mercury

ase; penicillinase, lactase, nuclease, lipase