patient evaluation / section A

presence of excessive fluid in the tissue known as pitting edema

pathology of peripheral edema

peripheral edema is caused by

fluid in the abdomen

ascites is caused by

clubbing of fingers is caused by 

presence of clubbing of fingers is generally found in which type of patients

increase in venous distention occurs with

an indication of peripheral circulation

capillary refill is commonly done for which test?

a state of profuse/heavy sweating

abnormal decrease in color due to anemia or acute blood loss

increase in bilirubin in blood and tissue. appears mostly in the face and trunk

redness fo the skin, may be due to cap congestion, inflammation, infection

blue or blue gray dusky discoloration

convex curfacture of the spine (lean fwd)

lateral curvature of the spine

result of air trapping in the lungs for a long period of time

barrel chest is due to 

barrel chest is an increase in

describe symmetrical chest movement

5 pathologies that can contribute to a pt displaying asymmetrical movement

normal resp rate, depth and rythm

normal rr for adult is

increased in rr over 20 bpm

causes of tachypnea is

decreased rr less than 12 bpm

causes of bradycardia is

cessation of breathing

increased rr, increased depth, regular rhtym

hyperpnea is caused by

gradualy increased then decreasing rate and depth in a sysle lasting from 30/180 seconds, with periods of apnea lasting up to 60 seconds

cheyne stokes is caused by

increased in resp rate and depth w/ irregular periods of apnea

biots is caused by what problem

increased in resp rate usually over 20 bpm, increased in depth, irregular rhythm, breathing sound labored

kussmauls is caused by

what are the normal muscles of ventilation

what causes hypertrophy of the the accessory muscles

muscle wasting is

atrophy is loss of muscle tone and occurs in 

atrophy may be referred to as

signs of resp distress in infants

normal range for a pt's hr

tachycardia indicates

bradycardia indicates

what does paradoxical pulse/pulsus paradocus indicate

what should be used to determine tracheal position

to determine tracheal position, place the index finger into the 

if tracheal deviations is pulled TOWARD the affected side

if trachel deciations is pulled AWAY from the affected side

what is tactile fremitus

what is meant by tenderness

bubbles of air under the skin that can be palpated 

crepitus indicates the presense of

normal air filled lungs. gives hollow sound

heard over sternum, muscles or areas of atelectasis

heard over fluid filled organs such as the heart or liver. pleural effusion or pneumonia will give this thudding sound

heard over air filled stomach 

pneymothorax or emphysema is present

normal bs

abnormal bs

pt is instructed to say E and it sounds like A

egophony indicates

large airway secretions

tx for coarse rales (rhonchi)

middle airway secretions

tx for medium rales

alveoli, fluid b/s

pt with fine rales has 

pt with fine rales pt needs

wheeze is due to 

when a pt wheezes, pt needs what type of bronchodilator

if pt has a unilateral wheeze and has an indication of a foreign body obstructions, what should you give

stridor is due to a 

tx for stridor

a course of grating or crunching sound

pleural friction rub is caused by

tx for pleural friction rub

is created by the normal closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the beginning of ventricular contraction

is normal and occurs when systole ends, the ventriles relax and the pulmonic and aortic valves close

the presence of S3 is abnormal and may suggest what type of disease

S4 is an indicative of a cardiav abonrmality such as 

what should u use to measure cuff pressures

adult normal bp

the right hemidiaphragms is slightly highter than the 

the right hemidiaphragm is at the level of the

trachea should be 

head of clavicles should be

list 3 possible causes for loss of airway patency

what condition causes obliteration of the costophrenic angles

in what pathology is the diaphragm flattened

what type of position will confirm a presence of a small pl effusion? 

what type of position will confirm a small pneumothorax

lateral decubitis is laying on which side?

where should the tip of the endotracheal tube be positioned when viewed on a chest roentgenogram

what is the quickest way to determine adequate ventilation following enndotracheal intubation

description for radiolucent

diagnosis of radiolucent

description for radiodense

diagnosis of radiodense

description for infiltrate

diagnosis of infiltrate

description for consolidation

diagnosis of consolidation

description of hyperlucency

diagnosis of hyperlucency

description of vascular markings

description of vascular markings

description of diffuse

diagnosis of diffuse

opaque

opaque diagnosis

bilateral

unilateral

fluffy infiltrates =

diagnosis fluffy infiltrates

butterfly/batwing pattern =

diagnosis of butterfly/batwing

patchy infiltrates=

diagnosis of patchy infiltrates

platelike infiltrates=

diagnosis of platelike infiltrates

ground