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The Motor Relearning Programme for Stroke - whose theory? what kind of theory?
- Carr and Shephard
- biomechanical and motor learning
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The Motor Relearning Programme for Stroke - tell me about it
- basic premise: pts must actively be involved in re-learinginmovements based on the biomechanical necessities of the tasks and on their refinement of motor output
- basically: get pts motivated, have them learn basics, then get them to more complicated tasks and closer to motor norms
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what is skill? - descriptive list generated in class
reproducable acquired (not innate) complex mvmnt, goal-directed, serves a function, measurable, energy efficient, has finesse
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how does performance differ from learning?
- performance = doing
- learning = the journey, the process. It's measurable thru performance, it's contingent on motivation, it's dynamic (you may forget things), it may not always lead to optimal performance
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Ann M. Gentile is known for what?
- she made a taxonomy of tasks
- she's into the behavioral model for skill acquisition
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Gentile's 2 types of goal-directed activity
- investigatory: ex - I was hungry so I went to the fridge to look for food
- adaptive: ex - swaying on the subway to stay upright
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3 levels on which Gentile (or the behavioural model? I'm not sure) analyzes tasks
- action
- movemnet
- neuromotor processes
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movement, simple def
"means by which action is realized"
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mvmnt strategy
plan or approach used to achieve a goal
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movement pattern
form of mvmnt, detailed squence of components (muscle activity, joint angle change, etc)
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in Gentile's taxonomy of task the tasks can be classified by __ and __. And then these are broken up further, how?
- Environment and Function of the activity
- Env: regulatory conditions (stationary or body and/or object in motion) and intertrial variability (low/high)
- Function: body orientation (stability or transport) and w/wo manipulation
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In Gentile's taxonomy, stationary + no intertrial variability =
closed task
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In Gentile's taxonomy, stationary + intertrial variability =
variable motionless
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In Gentile's taxonomy, in motion + no intertrial variability =
consistant motion
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In Gentile's taxonomy, in motion + intertrial variability =
open task
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what to do in the cognitive stage of learning
- focus on goals and general features of task
- get baseic framework for completing task
- do trial and error - lets you group info into categories
- eval spatial and temporal (speed) features
- formulate a basic motor plan by simplifying the task, decreasing the degrees of freedom
- learn to appreciate subtle preparatory postural adjustments
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what's happening in the associative stage for a closed task?
- you're concentrating on regulatory features
- you're practicing --> decreased variablility in performance so it becomes hopefully controlled or automatic
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what's happening in the associative stage for an open task?
it's an ever-changing env, so performance is dependant on env.
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what happens in automatic or control stage of learning
- pt learns to adapt over a greater range of contexts
- pt has highly developed scanning and preparatory system, and now can adapt more easily
- pt is thinking forward at this point, thinking of what will happen next in the task
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summary of skill acquisition - learner goes from __ to __
explicit learning (learning to do a task and interact w env - most improvement happens in this stage)--> implicit learning (adjusting movement in advance by gradually learning the most efficient way to execute task - slow process)
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things to think about in env when learning a task
- start w minimal distractions
- gradually add them to increase info-processing abilities of pt, and to better mimic real world envs
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external/extrinsic feedback
- comes from outside the performer or is verbalized by the performer
- guides the pt's selective attention
- must be stage specific
- must attend to important spatial and temporal regulatory features
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internal/intrinsic feedback
- comes from withing the performerbased on sensory receptors (joints, ears, eyes...)
- may be distorted in pt w CP, stroke, sensory loss
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outcome feedback
- aka knowledge of results -- about the mvmnt outcome, did pt accomplish the goal?
- PT can guide this if it's not obvious to pt
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feedback about the movement
- aka knowledge of performancethis is about the movement pattern produced, not the goal attainment - ex. focus on control of the many degrees of freedom
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3 types fo practice
- blocked: has limited variablility in env conditions. better w initial learning, esp w whole body tasks
- random: may be better for the skilled learner or during initial learning of simple manipulative tasks
- mental: thinking it thru or watching someone do it
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