intro neuro pt b

• Carr and Shephard
• biomechanical and motor learning

• basic premise: pts must actively be involved in re-learinginmovements based on the biomechanical necessities of the tasks and on their refinement of motor output
• basically: get pts motivated, have them learn basics, then get them to more complicated tasks and closer to motor norms

reproducable acquired (not innate) complex mvmnt, goal-directed, serves a function, measurable, energy efficient, has finesse

• performance = doing
• learning = the journey, the process. It's measurable thru performance, it's contingent on motivation, it's dynamic (you may forget things), it may not always lead to optimal performance

• she made a taxonomy of tasks
• she's into the behavioral model for skill acquisition

• investigatory: ex - I was hungry so I went to the fridge to look for food
• adaptive: ex - swaying on the subway to stay upright

• action
• movemnet
• neuromotor processes

"means by which action is realized"

plan or approach used to achieve a goal

form of mvmnt, detailed squence of components (muscle activity, joint angle change, etc)

• Environment and Function of the activity
• Env: regulatory conditions (stationary or body and/or object in motion) and intertrial variability (low/high)
• Function: body orientation (stability or transport) and w/wo manipulation

closed task

variable motionless

consistant motion

open task

• focus on goals and general features of task
• get baseic framework for completing task
• do trial and error - lets you group info into categories
• eval spatial and temporal (speed) features
• formulate a basic motor plan by simplifying the task, decreasing the degrees of freedom
• learn to appreciate subtle preparatory postural adjustments

• you're concentrating on regulatory features
• you're practicing --> decreased variablility in performance so it becomes hopefully controlled or automatic

it's an ever-changing env, so performance is dependant on env.

• pt learns to adapt over a greater range of contexts
• pt has highly developed scanning and preparatory system, and now can adapt more easily
• pt is thinking forward at this point, thinking of what will happen next in the task

explicit learning (learning to do a task and interact w env - most improvement happens in this stage)--> implicit learning (adjusting movement in advance by gradually learning the most efficient way to execute task - slow process)

• start w minimal distractions
• gradually add them to increase info-processing abilities of pt, and to better mimic real world envs

• comes from outside the performer or is verbalized by the performer
• guides the pt's selective attention
• must be stage specific
• must attend to important spatial and temporal regulatory features

• comes from withing the performerbased on sensory receptors (joints, ears, eyes...)
• may be distorted in pt w CP, stroke, sensory loss

• aka knowledge of results -- about the mvmnt outcome, did pt accomplish the goal?
• PT can guide this if it's not obvious to pt

• aka knowledge of performance
• this is about the movement pattern produced, not the goal attainment - ex. focus on control of the many degrees of freedom

• blocked: has limited variablility in env conditions. better w initial learning, esp w whole body tasks
• random: may be better for the skilled learner or during initial learning of simple manipulative tasks
• mental: thinking it thru or watching someone do it