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What are some charachteristics of input variables?
- 1. Members share basic values and beleifes about the groups purpose and each other .
- 2. divergence of backgrounds and perspectives with a balance between diversity and similarity.
- 3. purpose and goals understood by and accepted by all
- 4. resources needed to achive group goals are available
- 5. relationships to other groups and organizations are clear.
- 6. sufficient time to work
- 7. meeting place that provides for members needs and is free of distractions.
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What are some charachteristics of throughput variables?
- 1. Members are dependable and reliable
- 2. Roles are stable, mutually understood, and accepted.
- 3. Members have relativaly equal status, so they can excert influence based on knowledge, ideas and skill.
- 4. Norms and values are understood and adhered to, or they are discussed openly and changed if counterproductive.
- 5. Most remarks are directed to the Group as a whole, not to individual members(no sidebar discussions).
- 6. Members are skilled and considerate when expressing themselves.
- 7. Everyone understands and shares efficiant procedures that lead to goal attainment.
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What are some charachteristics of Output Variables?
- 1. Members perceive that the group purpose has been achieved.
- 2. Members are stisfied with their roles, the group process, and their relationships with other members.
- 3. High Cohesiveness
- 4. Consensus on the role and leadership structure
- 5. The parent organization is strengthened by the groups work.
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How does Environmental factors affect the Group Characteristics.
- 1. The organization publicly recognizes and rewards the accomplishments of the group.
- 2. The organization supplies resources and expertise the group needs
- 3. The organization provides a supportive atmosphere.
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What are the eight essential elements that determines how close a group will become?
- 1. Clarity in groups
- 2. Clearly defined roles
- 3. Clear communication
- 4. Beneficial group behavoirs
- 5. well-defined decision procedures
- 6. Balanced participation
- 7. Establish ground rules
- 8. Awareness of the group process.
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Give some examples of a group that understands its purpose and goals;
- 1. Agrees on the mission
- 2. Sees the mission as workable, and if necessary, narrows the mission to a workable size
- 3. Has a clear vision and works steadily towards its goals
- 4. is clear about the larger project goals
- 5. Understands the purpose of the individual steps of the projects, meetings, discussions, and decisions
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----------------(Group Success)----------------------
Groups operate more efficiantly if they are able to tap into everyones talent.
What are some examples of this?
- 1. Has formally designated roles for each other
- 2. Understands which roles belong to one person, which roles are shared, and how shared roles are switched
- 3. Uses each member's talent and involves everyone in the group activities so no one feels left out
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----------------(Group Success)----------------------
Good discussion within the group depends on how well information is passed between group members. Ideally, the group should do what?
- 1. Speak clearly and directly
- 2. Be succinct-avoid long stories and examples
- 3. Avoid interupting others and talking when others are speaking
- 4. Share different types of information (sensing,thinking, and feeling statements)
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-----------------------(Group Success)--------------------------
What are some examples of a group which has a good decsion making process. Groups should always be aware of how they reach different decisons. Ideally a group wants to do what?
- 1. Discuss how decisions will be made.
- 2. Explore important issues by polling
- 3. Decide important issue by concensus
- 4. Test for consensus
- 5. Use data as the basis for decisions when possible
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SOCIALIZATION
Define Self Concept
The perception we have of ourselves which allow us to shape and reshape reality from our point of view.
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Give some examples of SELF CONCEPT.
- a. we learn who we are from experiances, thoughts, feelings, and needs.
- b. Self-concept allows us to conceptualize our behavoir.
- c. sel-concept is both the product and producer of perception.
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What is the concept of SELF in self-concept defined as?
- a. How we picture ourselves.
- b. How others see us
- c. How we wish ourselves to be seen.
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A person who is assertive, tolerant, open, and trusting has what type of self-concept about themselves?
A positive self-concept.
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The examples below are examples of what type of self-concept?
a. Enhancing communication,
b. Positive about receiving feedback
c. Decisive/creative
They examples of a person with positive self-concept.
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List some characteristics of a person with poor self image.
- a. causes that person to do poorly at things attempted
- b. Communicate Little
- c. May cause self to exaggerate and deny or be closed to new ideas.
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What are some things that happen during development of SELF ?
- a. we interpret situations, events, people, or the environment.
- b. develope personality uniqueness, and a sense of respect for self.
- c. evaluate, make decisions, and establish goals
- d. We interpret our environment to confourm our values and make ourselves look good.
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How we see ourselves
What are the two seperate groups that define how we see ourselves
- a. Membership groups
- b. Referance groups
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What is meant by membership groups?
Groups that we belong to that are often unchangeable and acquired at birth.
a. race/ethnicity/gender/religion/social class/age
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What is meant by Referance groups?
Groups that we belong to or aspire to belong
a. military experiance/affiliation with organizatons/ educational background/geographic location/marital status/parental status.
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How others see us
What defines how others see you?
- Your Memberships group
- a. Defines stereotypes/view that others define us.
- b. Unchangeable because they are facts of life aquired at birth.
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Explain the concept of How we would Like others to see us.
a. It is possible that a gap exist because we have pushed away the negative and unwanted parts os self.
b. Journey of awareness may expose some painful and uncomfortable facts about our stereotypes and prejudices.
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Define Socialization.
- The process begining at birth, by which an individual
- a. aquires values,attitudes,goals, beliefs, perceptions, and gender roles
- b. learns expectations of society
- c. acquires sensitivity to the pressures and obligations of group life
- d. learns to get along with others
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What are some sources that influence socialization?
a. Family/media/educational system/ peers and friends/community setting/national setting.
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What is the most influencial agent of socialization?
The Family
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What are some ways that the family influences our socialization process?
Etiquette,language,religion, and how we live and interact with other.
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What are some things in the media influence our socialization process?
Television,radio,newspapers,books,advertisements,music, and the internet.
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How does education influence our socialization process.
Teachers,administrators and teaching texts and techniques impose their values on children and young adults.
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How does community setting influence our socialization?
It influences many of the customs, mannerisms,dialects, and holidays that we relate to.
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How does Nationalsetting influence our socialization?
influences our attitude towards civil rights,work ethic ,sense of what is important, native language, feelings of patriotism, and the national holidays we observe.
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What is the definition of values?
Principles or standards derived from our self-concept that guide our actions and behavoirs.
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Identify the different categories that values can be placed in.
- a.Personel-love,care,courage,bravery,honesty,compassion and loyalty
- b. social-equality,justice,liberty,freedom, national pride
- c. political- public service,voting,civic responsibility,welfare, democracy
- d. economic-money focused,equal employment,stable economy,ownership of property, taxes
- e. religious-life,human dignity, freedom of worship
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Define Value system.
A set of values adopted by an individual or society that influences the behavoir of the individual.
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Define attitude.
Established ways of responding to people and situations based on what we have learned(beleifs,values) and assumptions we hold. They are displayed through an outwardly displayed behavoir.
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What is an ego defense mechanism?
Coping behavoirs that allows us to selectively interpret information when we challenged on a value, attitude, or belief.
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What is the function of an Ego defense mechanism?
If we are exposed to information that may challenge our self-concept and, therefore, our value sytem, we may feel inner turmoil.
Values,attitudes, and beliefs stay the same.
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What are some common Ego defense mechanisms?
Denial,Rationalization,projection, Compensation.
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What is meant by a catalyst for change?
when we are exposed to information that challenges our self concept. It often may take a significant emotional event.
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Name some significant emotional events that may lead to a catalyst for change.
- Death
- Birth
- divorce
- promotion
- terminal illness
- falling in/out of love
- going to war
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Name the three main strategies for change.
- 1. Awareness
- 2. Increasing Awareness
- 3. Spend time in self reflection
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What are some ways to setting goals for change in the socialization process?
- a. Be realistic
- b. Become self-motivated(help others do the same).
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