Ch. 11

a grid used to evaluate central vision

unequal pupil size

deposition of calcium in the superficial cornea, most commonly in patients with chronic corneal disease; may occur in patients with hypocalcemia, parathyroidism, or renal failure

white spots found on the iris; usually associated with mental retardation

opacity of the lens; most commonly resulting from denaturation of the lens protein caused by aging

test for estimating peripheral vision

an inflammatory process involving both the choroid and the retina; most commonly cause by laser therapy for diabetic retinopathy

part of the eye that is optically clear, has a rich sensory innervation, and is avascular

a disruption of the corneal epithelium and stroma; associated with connective tissue disease

a condition characterized by dot hemorrhages or microaneurysms and the presence of hard and soft exudates

a condition characterized by development of new vessels as a result of anoxic stimulation; vessels grow out of the retina toward the vitreous humor

lower eyelid turned away from the eye

eyelid turned inward

inflammation of the superficial layers of the sclera anterior to the insertion of the rectus muscles

an increase in the volume in the orbital content, causing protrusion of the globes forward; most common cause is Graves disease

a disease of the optic nerve wherein the nerve cells die, producing a characteristic appearance of the optic nerve (increased cupping)

defective vision in half of the visual field

a sty caused by staphylococcal organisms

interruption of sympathetic nerve supply to the eye, resulting in the triad of ipsilateral miosis, mild pitosis, and loss of hemifacial sweating

eyes widely spaced apart

condition that occurs when the serum triglyceride level exceeds 2000mg/dL of blood; seen in diabetic ketoacidosis and in some of the hyperlipidemic states

a biconvex, transparent structure located immediately behind the iris

also known as the fovea

pupillary constriction

pupillary dilation

involuntary dysrhythmic movement of the eyes

loss of definition of the optic disc

loss of accommodation

an abnormal growth of conjunctiva that extends over the cornea from the limbus

drooping upper eyelid

a response caused by light illuminating the retina

the sensory network of the eye that transforms light impulses into electrical impulses, which are transmitted through the optic nerve

an autosomal recessive disorder in which the genetic defects cause cell death predominantly in the rod photoreceptors

an embryonic malignant tumor arising fromt he retina usually during the first 2 years of life

disruption of the normal progression of retinal vascular development in a preterm infant

a handheld card used to test visual acuity

a dense, avascular structure that appears anteriorly as the white of the eye

a condition in which both eyes do not focus on the same object simultaneously, although either eye can focus independently

a condition characterized by elevated plaque of cholesterol; commonly found on the nasal portion of the lid