-
Critical Reading
- Recognize not only what a text says,
- but also how that text portrays the subject matter.
-
Annotate
to supply with critical or explanatory notes; a form of active reading
-
Annotation strategy
- Evaluate purpose for reading
- Read with pencil in hand
- Read with intention of locating important ideas
- Review your marks after you read the selection
-
A well-annotated text will accomplish all of the following:
- •clearly identify where important ideas and information are located
- •express the main ideas of a text
- •trace the development of ideas/arguments throughout a text
- •introduce a few of the reader’s thoughts and reactions
-
What do I look for when I annotate?
- What you will probably be expected to know about the
- reading once you have completed it. Concider:
- Paraphrase/Summary of Main Ideas - what is actually being said.
- Descriptive Outline – what techniques the writer uses
- Your Comments/Responses – your initial response/points of confusion
-
Annotation Expectations
- Add to the reading experience and should not be too disruptive.
- Level "A" Annotation
- Annotative markings and comments apparent in evey chapter on many pages(80 %)
- Clear focus on Author's Craft.(style)
-
Coding
the act of using symbols to point out main ideas or points of import as you read and re-read a text; a form of annotating.
-
Highlighting or underlining
Makes it easier to review material, and is a good way of picking out specific language within a text that you may want to cite or quote in a piece of writing.
-
Cons of highlighting or underlining
- Tendency to highlight more information than necessary.
- Least active form of annotating
- Can become a postponement of thinking and interacting with ideas in texts.
-
Paraphrase
to say something in a different way, or to explain something to your reader/audience.
-
Why paraphrase?
- Keeps your paper from being overloaded with quotes.
- To say something in a way that you think will be more understandable to your reader.
-
Summarizing
- Gathering alot of information into a relatively short statement.
- Main point important details are not.
-
Quoting
- Putting another person's words directly into your own text.
- Quote texts when wording is worth repeating, when you
- want to cite the exact words of a KNOWN AUTHORITY on your topic, when you want to cite other's opinions to challenge or disagree, or to place emphasis.
-
Descriptive outline
Shows the organization of a piece of writing, breaking it down to show where ideas are introduced, where they are developed, and where any turns in the development occur.
-
Discriptive outline can include
- •Summarizing a topic/argument/etc.
- •Introducing an idea
- •Adding explanation
- •Giving examples
- •Providing factual evidence
- •Expanding or limiting the idea
- •Considering an opposing view
- •Dismissing a contrary view
- •Creating a transition
- •Stating a conclusion
-
Paragraph
- A collection of related sentences dealing with a single topic.
- Writer stays on track during drafting and revision.
- Assists your readers in following a piece of writing.
- Minimum 3 sentences, well developed 5 sentences.
-
Basic rule for paragraphs
One idea to one paragraph
-
Four Main Elements of a Paragraph
- Unity
- Coherence
- Topic sentence
- Adequete developement
-
Unity
The entire paragraph should concern itself with a single focus.
-
Coherence
- The trait that makes the paragraph easily understandable to a reader.
- correct grammer
- subject verb agreement
-
Topic sentence
- A sentence that indicates in a general way what idea or thesis the paragraph is going to deal with.
- first sentence of paragraph
- connects with thesis statement
- TRANSITION + THESIS LINK + SUPPORT = TOPIC SENTENCE
-
Adequate development
- Deals with the level of discussion, understanding and acknowledging complexities.
- In a paragraph, the topic should be discussed fully and
- adequately
-
Methods to make sure your paragraph is well-developed
- •Use examples and illustrations
- •Cite data (facts, statistics,evidence, details, and others)
- •Examine testimony (what other people say such as quotes and paraphrases)
- •Define terms in the paragraph
- •Compare and contrast
- •Evaluate causes and reasons
- •Examine effects and consequences
- •Analyze the topic
- •Describe the topic
- •Offer a chronology of an event (time; in informative writing)
-
A Paragraph will traditionally look like this:
- •Claim/Topic Sentence (creates focus)
- •Reference/Evidence (creates Development)
- •Discussion (creates clarity and serves as a way to hear the author/writer’s voice)
-
Any essay you write, traditionally, will have the following:
- •I. Introduction
- A.Thesis Statement will be the last sentence of your Introduction.
- II. Body 1
- 1. Claim
- 2. Reference/Evidence
- 3. Discussion
- III. Body 2
- IV. Body 3
- V. Conclusion
- 1. Paraphrase Thesis
- 2. Summarize Main Points
- 3. Create a significance for your reader
-
Signal phrase
- Helps the reader distinguish between your words and
- what the text has to say.
- admits, confirms, suggests
- that the verbs listed are in present tense
-
in-text citation
- A parenthetical reference to the author and the page number where your passage can be found.
- An marks for the reader where the text’s ideas end
-
Long (block) quote
three or four lines of prose (about 30 words or more) no quotation marks indented block. Period comes before the in-text citation.
-
Steps for an In-text Citation
- 1)Type out your quote.
- 2)Put quotation marks at the beginning and end of quote.
- 3)At the end of the quote, after the quotation marks, begin your parentheses.
- 4)In the parentheses, type the author’s last name and just the number of the page.
- 5)End the parenthetical, then put a period on the
- outside to end the sentence.
-
Work cited page
- A work cited page is an alphabetical list of sources that provides the reader with all the information so that he or
- she can find the source if they would like.
- The work cited page can be found on a page after you have completed the essay.
-
Parts of a Works Cited Page
- 1)The heading (with page numbers in upper right corner).
- 2)The bibliographical entry
- 3)The handing indent
|
|