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Diverse shapes allow proteins to carry out many functions. Name the six divers shapes.
- Structural
- Regulatory
- Contractile
- Immunological
- Transport
- Catalytic
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What is the function of a Structural protein?
Form structural framework of various parts of the body.
Ex: collegen in bone and other connective tissues, and keratin in skin, hair, and fingernails.
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What is the function of a Regulatory protein?
Function as hormones that regulate various physiological processes: control growth and development; as neurotransmitters, mediate responses of the nervous system.
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What is the function of a Contractile protein?
Allow shortening of muscle cells, which produces movement.
Ex: myosin and actin
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What is the function of a Immunological protein?
Aid responses that protect body against foreign substances and invading pathogens.
Ex: antibodies and interleukins.
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What is the function of a Transport protein?
Carry vital substaces throughout body.
Ex: hemoglobin, which transports most oxygen and some carbon dioxide in the blood.
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What is the function of a Catalytic protein?
Act as enzymes that regulate biochemical reactions.
Ex: Salivary amylase, sucrase, and ATPase.
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Chemical reactions either absorb or _________ energy.
Release
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Substance undergoing reaction =
Substrate
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Enzyme names almost always end in
ase
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What splits the disaccharide sucrose into glucose and fructose?
Sucrase
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What are the fat-soluble vitamins
A,D,E,K
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What is the monomer for both DNA and RNA?
Nucleotide
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What are the Nucleic acid bases:
- Adenine
- Cytosine
- Guanine
- Thymine (DNA)
- Uracil (RNA)
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What is the nucleic acid sugars
- Deoxyribose (DNA)
- Ribose (RNA)
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Nucleotides have 3 parts, what are they?
Phosphate group
A five-carbon sugar or pentose
A cyclic, nitrogen-containing base
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Nucleotides are monomers of
nucleic acids
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The overall structure of DNA is known as the
double helix and cosists of two twisted strands.
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The DNA and RNA molecules have a backbone which is made up of the
sugar-phosphate combination.
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The A-T combination forms how many hydrogen bonds
Two
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The C-G combination forms how many hydrogen bonds
three
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What is more stable DNA or RNA?
DNA
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Compare and contrast DNA and RNA
DNA is the permanent set of instructionf for the organism.
RNA is a "scratchpad" molecule that is used for temporary storage and manipulation of genetic information as it is expressed as a protein.
- DNA uses the four bases A, C, G and T.
- RNA uses the four bases A, C, G and U.
- DNA is usually in a double helix
- RNA is generally found in a single-stranded form
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What do "squiggles" represent
High energy bonds ATP
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Cellular pathways that require energy are adapted to use
ATP as their energy source
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What is used as the energy currency for the cell?
ATP
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What is the secret of ATP?
High-energy phosphate bonds
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Forms of cellular energy. What are the types of energy?
- Electrical
- Heat
- Potential (chemical)
- Radiant
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What bionergetic event does elctrical produce?
Nerve inpulses
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What bioenergetic event does heat produce?
Cellular chemical reactions
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What bioenergetic event does mechanical produce?
Muscle contractions
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What bioenergetic event does potential (chemical) produce?
Energy-rich covalent bonds
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What bioenergetic event does radiant produce?
photosynthesis in plants
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