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Breast cancer
- starts in breast tissue
- two types: ductal and lobular
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Early detection of breast cancer
- breast self-exam
- clinical breast examination
- screening mamography
- early stages of breast cancer usually don't have symptoms, making regular exams important
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Early symptoms of breast cancer may include
- lump in breast or armpit that is hard, has uneven edges and usually doesn't hurt
- change in size, shape or feel of breast or nipple, including redness, nipple-dimpling and/or puckering of skin
- nipple may leak fluid - bloody, clear to yellow, green or pus-like
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Symptoms of advanced breast cancer
- bone pain
- breast pain or discomfort
- skin ulcers
- swelling of one arm next to breast with cancer
- weight loss
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Non-modifiable risk factors
- age and gender
- family history of breast cancer
- genes
- menstrual cycle
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Modifiable risk factors
- tobacco use
- excess alcohol use
- childbirth
- diethylstilbesterol
- hormone replacement therapy
- obesity
- radiation therapy
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Diagnosis basedon history of symptoms and risk factors
- physical examination
- mammography
- breast MRI
- breast biopsy (needle aspiration or lumpectomy)
- sentinel lymph node biopsy
- CT and/or PET scan
- breast ultrasound
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Breast cancer stages
- 0-IV
- cancer that has not spread is called ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or noninvasive
- 5-year survival rate refers to the number of patients who live at least 5 years after cancer stage is determined
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Stage 0 and DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ)
lumpectomy plus radiation therapy or mastectomy
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Stages I and II
- lumpectomy plus radiation therapy or mastectomy with some sort of lymph node removal
- hormone therapy, chemotherapy and biologic therapy may also be recommended following surgery
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Stage III
- surgery
- chemo
- hormone therapy
- biologic therapy
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Stage IV
- surgery
- radiation therapy
- chemo
- hormonal therapy
- combination of above
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Breast cancer in men
- breast lump
- breast pain
- breast tenderness
- breast discharge
- open sore
- inverted nipple
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