chapter 30

organic compound used by the body to build and repair tissue

produced by the liver and found in animal fats produces fatty deposites in blood vessels

conditions that result with below normal intake of particular substance

the pancreas no longer produce insulin

body unable to use glucose for energy

converting food into chemical substances that can be used by the body

pouchlike herniations through the musclular layer of the colon

compounds with a least one upaired electron unstable and highly reactive leads to cancer , heart disease and other diseases

combined with , treated with or exposed to hydrogen

progressive deterioration of the macula of the eye that causes loss of central vision

a group of congential anomalies involving the brain and spinal cord column

an excessive accumulation of body fat ( body mass index) greater than 30

loss of bone density , lack of calcium

a grain found in some cereal products in certain dietary supplements and in certain bulk fiber laxatives

a water soluble fiber

degree in food and nutrition who is concerned with the maintenance and promotion of health and the treatment of diseases through diet

a fatty acid and glycerol compound that combines with a protein molecule to form high-or low density lipoprotein

• normal skin tension
• resistance of the skin to being grasped between the finger and released

• dizziness 
• a sensation of faintness
• inability to maintain normal balance

• convenience
• cost
• emotional comfort
• routine
• positive experiences
• ethnic or regional influences
• health and weight

all the processes involved in the intake and use of nutrients

the organic and inorganic chemicals in food that supply the energy and raw materials for cellular activities

• carbohydrates
• fats
• proteins
• vitamins
• minerals
• water

is the practical application of nutritional science to individuals

process in which nutrients are used at the cellular level a combination of two processes

• anabolism
• catabolism

building of smaller molecules into larger compounds

examples

amino acids combine to form portein molecules

breaking down of larger molecules

cannot be manufactured by the body and therefore must be included in the diet

can be created in the body

the amount of energy used by a fasting resting individual to maintain vital functions

determined by the amount of oxygen used

the rate by the amount of oxygen used and is defined in units of heat energy

are chemical organic compounds composed of carbon , hydrogen , oxygen plant products

• three groups
• simple sugars
• complex carbohydrates
• dietary fiber

• roughage-indigestible
• maintains regularity

• lowers blood cholesterol levels
• oat bran , fruits , vegetables

helps prevent colon cancer and heart disease

• storage form of energy
• gives food favor
• concentrated form of fuel 9 kcal/g

stored form of fat in the body

any excess calories that are not burned for energy are converted into adipose tissue for energy storage

supports and protects vital organs

• protects nerves
• relays nerve impulses

contain all the hydrogen possible and therefore are denser , heavier , solid at room temperature

• eggs
• lard
• meat
• margarine
• dairy products

less heavy and less dense

• fatty acids with one unfilled hydrogen bond
• olives
• peanuts
• canola
• peacans
• avocados

have two or more unfilled hydrogen bonds are found in plants and are usually liquid at room temperature

• safflower
• corn
• cottonseed
• soy oils

• antinflammatory effects improve the immune response
• protect blood vessels
• inhibits formation of blood clots

cold water fish , oils , walnuts , soybeans ,

two servings daily