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amino acids
organic compound used by the body to build and repair tissue
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cholesterol
produced by the liver and found in animal fats produces fatty deposites in blood vessels
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deficiencies
conditions that result with below normal intake of particular substance
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type 1 diabetes
the pancreas no longer produce insulin
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type 2 diabetes
body unable to use glucose for energy
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digestion
converting food into chemical substances that can be used by the body
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diverticulosis
pouchlike herniations through the musclular layer of the colon
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free radicals
compounds with a least one upaired electron unstable and highly reactive leads to cancer , heart disease and other diseases
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hydrogenated
combined with , treated with or exposed to hydrogen
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macular degeneration
progressive deterioration of the macula of the eye that causes loss of central vision
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neural tube defects
a group of congential anomalies involving the brain and spinal cord column
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obesity
an excessive accumulation of body fat ( body mass index) greater than 30
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osteoporosis
loss of bone density , lack of calcium
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psyllium
a grain found in some cereal products in certain dietary supplements and in certain bulk fiber laxatives
a water soluble fiber
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registered dietitian (RD)
degree in food and nutrition who is concerned with the maintenance and promotion of health and the treatment of diseases through diet
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triglyceride
a fatty acid and glycerol compound that combines with a protein molecule to form high-or low density lipoprotein
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turgor
- normal skin tension
- resistance of the skin to being grasped between the finger and released
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vertigo
- dizzinessÂ
- a sensation of faintness
- inability to maintain normal balance
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reasons for food choices
- convenience
- cost
- emotional comfort
- routine
- positive experiences
- ethnic or regional influences
- health and weight
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nutrition
all the processes involved in the intake and use of nutrients
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nutrients are
the organic and inorganic chemicals in food that supply the energy and raw materials for cellular activities
- carbohydrates
- fats
- proteins
- vitamins
- minerals
- water
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dietetics
is the practical application of nutritional science to individuals
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metabolism
process in which nutrients are used at the cellular level a combination of two processes
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anaboilsm
building of smaller molecules into larger compounds
examples
amino acids combine to form portein molecules
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catabolism
breaking down of larger molecules
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essential nutrient
cannot be manufactured by the body and therefore must be included in the diet
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nonessential nutrient
can be created in the body
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BMR-basal metabolic rate
the amount of energy used by a fasting resting individual to maintain vital functions
determined by the amount of oxygen used
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calorie
the rate by the amount of oxygen used and is defined in units of heat energy
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CHO- carbohydrates
are chemical organic compounds composed of carbon , hydrogen , oxygen plant products
- three groups
- simple sugars
- complex carbohydrates
- dietary fiber
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dietary fiber
- roughage-indigestible
- maintains regularity
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water-soluble fiber
- lowers blood cholesterol levels
- oat bran , fruits , vegetables
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insoluble fiber
helps prevent colon cancer and heart disease
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dietary fat
- storage form of energy
- gives food favor
- concentrated form of fuel 9 kcal/g
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adipose tissue
stored form of fat in the body
any excess calories that are not burned for energy are converted into adipose tissue for energy storage
supports and protects vital organs
- protects nerves
- relays nerve impulses
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saturated fats
contain all the hydrogen possible and therefore are denser , heavier , solid at room temperature
- eggs
- lard
- meat
- margarine
- dairy products
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unsaturated fats
less heavy and less dense
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monounsaturated
- fatty acids with one unfilled hydrogen bond
- olives
- peanuts
- canola
- peacans
- avocados
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polyunsaturated fats
have two or more unfilled hydrogen bonds are found in plants and are usually liquid at room temperature
- safflower
- corn
- cottonseed
- soy oils
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benefits of omega - 3 fatty acids
- antinflammatory effects improve the immune response
- protect blood vessels
- inhibits formation of blood clots
cold water fish , oils , walnuts , soybeans ,
two servings daily
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