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How to carry an axe
carry the axe with the blade away from the body and the pick head covered or in its scabbard. Never over your shoulder.
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Mortise Lock
- usually found in commercial occupancies
- three types of operating latches
- Key turns a cam which moves the latching device and opens the lock.
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How to break tempered glass
FF should strike the glass with a sharp blow with a pointed tool like the pike of a halligan in a lower corner
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K tool
- used to perform thru the lock forcible entry
- pulls lock cylinder out to expose lock mechanism
- back K part slides over lock and front has a loop for adz of a halligan
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halligan and it's three parts
- designed by hugh halligan of FDNY
- most important single tool for forcible entry
- 30 inch forged steel
- adz, pike, fork
- married with flat head axe to form irons
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What are abrasive discs made of?
- Carbide tipped- wood and roofing materials 12-24 teeth, light metals and plastic can be cut with these as well, maintain full rpms when cutting with this blade
- Aluminum oxide abrasive disc- cutting metals, locks, doors, roll down gates, other forcible entry ops.
- Silicon carbide or steel diamond matrix- masonry materials like concrete, brick, blocks and stone
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Two types of glass doors
metal/tubular frame and tempered frameless glass door
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Conventional Forcible Entry
- uses levaerage, force, and impact
- uses irons
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laminated glass
- aka safety glass
- two or more sheets of glass with a plastic sheet between them to hold glass together if it is broken
- most common in automobile windows
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Building construction related to breaching walls
- wood frame construction with lath and plaster or drywall are usually easy to breach
- concrete and brick buildings are more difficult and require more effort
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Power saw and how they are used
- most common cutting tool for forcible entry
- two types: rotary with circular blade and chain saw
- powered by two cycle gasoline engine
- used for removing doors and gates
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Two types of roll down doors
sectional rolling steel doors and continuos steel doors
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Kelly Tool
- steel bar 28 inches long has a 3 in. large adz end and a forked end
- older tool replaced by the halligan
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Hook
- pike pole, assorted lengths
- used to take out glass from a safe distance
- can extend FF reach to close a door
- used for prying and removing roof material
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Signs of backdraft
- smoke stained windows
- puffing smoke at seams, cracks, and windows
- smoke pushing out under pressure
- no visible flame or dull red flame
- heavy black smoke
- large open area structure or large voids
- extreme heat
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Smoke Explosion
unburned products of smoke and gases accumulate and when O2 is introduced the gases rapidly ignite with explosive force
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Obstacles that can impede ventilation
- access
- security devices
- height of building
- planning
- lack of personnel
- confusing floor layout
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Hydrogen Cyanide
highly toxic, used commercially as vermin fumigant
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Carbon dioxide
overstimulates breathing rate
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during combustion process energy is released in...
an exothermic reaction as heat and light
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Spray stream setting when venting a window
should be between 30-60 degree angle filling 90% of the window opening without touching it
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Diffusion
naturally occuring event in which molecules travel from levels of high concentration to areas of low concentration
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When ventilation may be performed?
- When buildings have protection system using chemicals like Halon
- venting lets halon out of fire room and could allow rekindle
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Hydraulic ventilation
- mechanical mode of venting
- water is employed to create air movement
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Strip cut
- aka trench cut
- defensive tactic
- roof opening that ventilates attic or cockloft
- when performed, the building on fire side of strip is deemed unsavable
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PPV and how it is created
- Positive Pressure Ventilation
- compartment is positively charged with air thru a PPV fan and the heat and smoke are dispacedthru chosen avenues to the exteriors
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Types of fans for venting
ejector and PPV
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Venting and tactical functions....
venting can better conditions for crews inside to work and/or search
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It is logical to assume that a tool that is too cannot be moved fast enough to develop proper striking force.
heavy
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Power hydraulic spreaders can be used for in certain circumstances
forcible entry
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It is a good idea to all forcible entry operations with the fire attack and ventilation.
coordinate
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halligan is what type of tool
prying
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Which tool is used to cut metal bars, wires, and other hardware
bolt cutters
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One of the first operations conducted before anything else at building fires is ____.
conduct forcible entry
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The best tool to use for positive pressure ventilation is a ____.
blower
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Trench ventilation is sometimes referred to as ____ventilation.
strip
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To be most effective, trench ventilation operations must be completed before ____
fire reaches the trench
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After opening a roof, it is often necessary to ____.
open the roof underneath
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When breaking a glass window with an ax, the firefighter should use the
flat part of the axe
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A firefighter who is opening windows and doors in a structure to allow for smoke and heat to escape is performing ____ ventilation.
natural
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