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6 core beliefs and practices shared by African cultures...
- 1. honoring ancestors
- 2. worshiping nature deities (often w/ blood sacrifice)
- 3. elevating the rulers to sacred status
- 4. consulting fortune tellers
- 5. decorating their bodies (ID and status) (beads, scarification, etc.)
- 6. putting on festivals or masquerades (celebrate harvest, new year, death, etc.)
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importance of ritual performance (3)
- connect with invisible other world
- allow for recreation of the past
- union of past and present
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Nok culture time period
500 BC --> 200 AD
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Nok art features
- elongated heads
- kneeling poses
- animals: elephant, monkey
- triangular eyes
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this African culture had elaborate burial chambers
Igbo-Ukwu
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- Kuba, "Bwoom"
- royal mask
- legendary dwarf
- king's younger brother
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- Kuba, "nodp"
- represented Oba when away
- kept w/ wives as reminder of power
- at king's death passed to the ndop
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- Benin, "alter-to-the-head"
- supernatural medicinal powers used by Oba to control witches
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- Kuba king
- royal ceremony
- royal drums "pelambish" passed down thru generations
- vessel of wisdom
- headdress w/ eagle and ibis feathers
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- Benin
- alter-to-the-hand
- "ikegobo"
- hand symbolism: potential success, masc. aggressiveness, warfare/hunting, gathering of wealth
- leopard symb: authority/power, quick response, "the leopards of the house"
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- Ife head of an Oni
- holes made to attach beard, veil, crown
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Ife time period
350-->1400AD
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Igbo time period
900-->1000 AD
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- Ife
- Brass figure of an Oni
- used in alters/funerals/festivals
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- Kuba "Moshambwooy"
- represents Woot (mythical royal ancestor and founder of Kuba kingdom)
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- Igbo
- Bronze, shell surmounted by leopard
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- Igbo burial chamber
- Nri - an early Igbo people
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- Ife
- Tada copper
- found 100 miles away
- ?trophy of war? sent as token of authority? stolen?
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- Kuba
- cut-pile embroidered raffia
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- Benin
- ivory belt mask, Queen Mother
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- Ife
- archaic period; 350-800AD
- monolith
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- Ife
- pre-pavement period; 800-1000AD
- gatekeeper
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- Ife
- pavement period; 1000-1400 AD
- initiated by Queen Oluwo
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