-
Name the 4 basic tissues and their role
- Epithelial (covering)
- Connective (protection)
- Nervous (control)
- Muscle (movement)
-
2 areas the epithelial tissue occur
- 1. covering and lining epithelium
- 2. glandular epithelium
-
What do epithelial tissues form?
They form boundaries between different environments and nearly all substances revieved or given off by the body must pass through an epithelium
-
Name the 6 roles of an epithelium tissue
- 1. Protection
- 2. Absorption
- 3. Filtration
- 4. Excretion
- 5. Secretion
- 6. Sensory Reception
-
Name the 5 special charaterstics of epithelium tissue
- 1. Polarity
- 2. Specialized contacts
- 3. supported by CT
- 4. Avascular but innervated
- 5. Regeneration
-
Apical surfaces have what that increase the surface area?
Microvilli
-
Lateral cell junctions include what
- Desmosomes (anchoring junctions that link proteins(
- Tight junctions (leak proof sheets; seals extracellular space)
- Gap junctions (allow substances to leak between cells)
-
Tiny hairlike projections that propel substances alon their free surface
Cilia
-
What is a basal lamina?
- noncellular adhesive sheet consisting of glcoproteins.
- acts as a selective filter that determines which molecules are allowed to enter
-
Epithelial cells are bound together by
- Tight junctions
- Desmosomes
-
How are epithelial cells nourished?
by diffusion of substacnes from blood vessels in underlying CT
-
Simple epithelium are most concerned with what?
- Absorption
- Secretion
- Filtration
-
Where is simple squamous epithelium found?
- Kidney glomeruli
- air sacs of lungs
- lining of heart, blood ceseels, and lymphatic vessels
-
Fucntion of simple squamous epithelium
- Allows passage of materials my diffusion and filtration where protection is NOT important
- secretes lubricating substances in serosae
-
Simple cuboidal epithelium is found where?
- Kidney tubules
- ducts and secretory portions of small glands
- ovary surface
-
Simple columnar epithelium is found where?
- Nonciliated - lines difestict tract, gallbladder, excretory ducts of some glands
- ciliated - lines small brnochi, uterine tubes, some regoins of uterus
-
Fuction of simple columnar epithelium
- absorption, secretion of mucus, enzyms
- ciliated type propels mucus
-
What type of epithelium tissue have nuclei that lie at different levels above the basement membrane
Pseudstratified
-
Function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- secretion of mucus
- propulsion of mucus by ciliary action
-
Location of pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- noniliated - mals sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of large glands
- ciliated variety lines trachea and URT
-
The outer layer (epidermis) of stratified squamous epithelium is what?
Keratinized
-
Stratified squamous epithelium location
- nonkeratinized - moist linings of esophagus, mouth, and vagina
- keratinized - epidermis of skin
-
transitional epitheliums function
stretches and permis distension of urinary organ by contained urine
-
location of transitional epithelium
lines uereters, urinary bladder, part of the urethra
-
Endocrine does what?
Produce hormones and secrete by exocytosis into the extracellular space
-
The secretory pathway of glandular epithelium
RER -> GOLGI -> VESICLES -> EXOCYTOSIS
-
Exocrine glands are unicellular and multicellular
-
Example of exocrine secretions
- muscous
- sweat
- oil
- salivary glands
- liver
- pancreas
-
What are the 2 cells in unicellular exocrine glands?
-
unicellular exocrine glands secrete mucin (glycoprotein) that dissolves in water = mucus that protects and lubricates surfaces
-
the 2 basic parts of multicellular exocrine glands
-
Nervous tissue does what and is found where?
internal communication
brain, spinal cord, nerves
-
muscle tissue does what and is found where
contracts to cause movement
- muscles attaced to bones (skeletal)
- muscles of heart (cardiac)
- muscles of walls of hallow organs (smooth)
-
epithelial tissues does what and is found where?
fors boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absors, filters
- lining of GI tract organs and other hollow organs
- skin suface (epidermis)
-
Connective tissue does what and is found where?
supports, protects, binds other tissues together
bones, tendons, fat and other soft padding tissue
-
the 4 main classes of CT
- CT proper
- cartilage
- bone
- blood
-
functions of CT
- binding and support
- protection
- insulation
- transportation of substances within the body
-
characteristics of CT
- Common origin
- degrees of vascularity
- extracellular matrix
-
which of the 4 types of CT is avascular
-
3 main elements of CT
- ground substance
- fibers
- cells
-
This hold large amounts of fluid and functions a medium where nutrients and other dissolved substances can diffuse between the blood capillaries and the cells
-
3 types of fibers
collagen, elastic, reticular fibers
-
Reticular fibers are found where
- small blood vessels
- soft tissue of organs
-
Elastic fibers are found where
- skin
- lungs
- blood vessel walls
-
3 types of blast cell types
- fibroblast - CT proper
- chondroblast - cartilage
- osteoblast - bone
-
defensive WBC
- neutrophils
- eosinophils
- lymphocytes
-
cells concnerned with tissue response to injury
-
MATURE CT comes from
mesenchyme (embryonic tissue)
-
types of loose connective tissues
-
types of dense CT
- dense regular
- dense irregular
- elastic
-
function of areolar CT
- supporting and binding
- holding body fluids
- defending against infection
- storing nutrients as fat
-
function of adipose tissue
similar to areolar but more nutrient-storing
-
where does adipose tissue accumulate
SQ acts as shock absorber, insulation, energy storage, prevent heat loss
-
location of adipose tissue
- under skin of hypodermis
- around kidneys and eyeballs
- within abdomen
- in breasts
-
function of reticular CT
forms a soft internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types including WBC, mast cells, macrophages
-
location of reticular tissue
lymphoid organs
-
location of dense regular
tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses
-
this tissue runs in the same direction parallel to the direction of pull
dense regular ct
-
function of dense irregular
- tension in many directions
- structural strength
-
location of dense irregular
- firbous capsuls of organs of joints
- dermis of skin
-
location of elastic ct
- walls of large arteries
- within certain ligaments of vertebral column
- within wall of bronchial tubes
-
function of hyaline cartilage
- supports and reinforces
- resilient cushioning proterties
- resists compressive stress
-
location of hyaline cartilage
- embryonic skeleton
- covers ends of long bones in joint cavities
- forms costal cartilages of ribs
- cartilages of nose, trachea, larynx
-
function of elastic cartilage
maintins shape of a structure while allowing great felixbility
-
location of elastic cartilage
supports external ear, epiglottis
-
location of fibrocartilage
intravertebral disc
-
fucntion of fibrocartilage
tensile strength with ability to absorb compressive shock
-
Function of blood
transport for cardiovascular system carrying nutrients, wastes, resporatory gases
-
function and location of skeletal muscles
- attached to bones or skin
- voluntary movement, locomotion, factial expression, voluntary control
-
which 2 types of muscle is involuntary
cardiac and smooth
-
muscle tissues possess what?
- myofilaments
- highly cellular, well-vascularized
-
covers the body surface
cutaneous membrane
-
line body vavities open to the exterior
mucous membranes
-
line body cavities closed to the exterior
serous membranes
-
type or reaction of inflammatory response
nonspecific & develops quickly
-
type of reaction of immune respone
specific and takes longer
-
-
steps of tissue repair
- inflammation sets the stage
- organization restores blood supply
- regeneration and fibrosis effect permanent repair
-
tissues of moderate capacity for regeneration
- smooth muscle
- dense regular CT
-
tissues with weak regenerative capacity
-
tissues with no functional regenerative capacity
- cardiac muscle
- nervous tissue
-
secretions are chemical messenger molecules called
hormones
-
What 2 cells are found inside the lacunae
-
What are the 2 types of nervous tissue
- neuralgia (nerve support cells)
- neurons (nerve cells)
-
What are the 2 functions of neurons
- Irritability
- conductivity (sends impulses to other areas of the body)
-
What are the common structural components of neurons
- cell body
- dendrites (recieves signal)
- axon (sends message)
- axonal terminals (end point)
|
|
