SIT Exam

Ill identify an acceptable on-site sewage disposal system. Necessary due to wide variation of soils and their ability to absorb water.

• 1000 gallons;
• minimum liquid depth of 3ft;
• maximum liquid depth: 6 1/2ft;
• minimum air space of eight inches in tank;
• all require removable manhole cover or 24-inch manhole opening;
• walls 2-3.5 depending on which

• Shall be located downstream of septic tank;
• designed to pump sewage/particles/solids;
• manhole opening must be at least 2 inches above ground and have a manhole opening of 24 inches;
• discharge line of 1-1/4 to 1-1/2 inches in diameter;
• pump compartment minimum 300 gallons;
• must have air gap to prevent back siphoning.

?MAY have up to 6

Must be free of surface water/runoff. Any of this must be diverted away. Minimum area is 10ft^2. All wastewater including laundry and kitchen waste must be connected.

Unless a mechanical lift pump is used, all perforated pipe shall be located at at least 6 in. below liquid level of septic tank.

All sewer drains and stub outs shall be installed so that it is no deeper than 30in. below natural ground level for lateral field area.

retention structures shall be used.  Inlets and outlets of retention structure must be sealed.  Top of pipe in lateral line at least 10 inches below the outlet of septic tank.

must be built if perc test states a septic tank is not suitable. Common in the country where the soil is clay-like.

At least three tests to define absorption field.

A failing test is a drop of less than 1 inch in 10 minutes.

Test holes 4-12 inches in diameter 24-30 inches deep.

Holes placed at approximate corners of isosceles triangle having two sides 50x75ft.

Ex: drop of 3 inches in 60 minutes = 20 minutes per inch.

Soaking is used to simulate conditions during the wet season.

Swelling is intrusion of water into soil particles. Slow process - especially in clay.

If all three test sites have a drop of 1 inch or more in 60 minutes.

Add sum of three depths together and divide by sum of three times to get average percolation rate. Use table to determine length of lateral lines.

If any two tests are more than 15 minutes apart; rate of slower is used.

If any one test fails; a suitable absorption field has NOT been found.

unwanted or offensive sounds that unreasonably intrude into our daily activities.

• Increasing population
• increasing volume of road, rail, and air traffic

Prolonged exposure to noise levels at or above 80dB(A)

70dB(A)

Separation of activities which are incompatible due to noise levels. For example: heavy industry will be separated from residential areas by light industry, recreational facilities, or retail.

Controls noise on building alarms; night-time control of noise sources: power tools, lawn mowers, AC, music. Warnings valid for 28 days; horns, refrigeration units.

Oil, gas, kerosene, coal, cood, tobacco, abestos, personal care items, heating and cooling devices, hudifiers, radon, pesticides, outdoor air pollution

If too little outdoor air enters a home, pollutants can accumulate to levels that pose health and comfort problems.

O3 - should occur 10-30 miles above ground level. Ground level ozone is bad.

Ground level is created by a reaction between oxides and nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC). NOx and VOC main source is from emissions

VOC + NOx + Heat + Sunlight = Ozone

Peak is summertime when hot and dry

Can be carried hundreds of miles

Ground level ozone affects health and plants/ecosystem damage

• Carbon Monoxide
• Lead
• Nitrogen Dioxide
• Particulate Matter (10) dust, soot, smoke
• Particulate Matter (2.5) burned gases
• Ozone
• Sulfur Oxides

65% from electric utilities (coal), industry

Contributes to acid rain

Colorless, odorless gas  formed when carbon fuel isn't burned completely.

Motor vehicle ehaust = 56%

Created a tax on chemical and petroleum industries -- over 5 yrs, $1.6 billion collected and put into a trust fund for cleaning up abandoned or uncontrolled hazardous waste sites

• Authorizes two kinds of responses:
• Short term removals for threatened releases requiring prompt response
• Long term remedial for situations that are not immedately life threatening

Amended by Superfun Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) in Oct 1986 - stressed permanent solutions, focus on human health, new enforcement authorities and tools, increased size of trust from 1.6 to $8.5 billion

Can't be exceeded more than once per year

Annual arithmetic mean PM10 can't exceed 50ug/m^3

3 year average PM2.5 can't exceed 15ug/m^3

98th percentile of 24hr average  can't exceed 64ug/m^3

3 year average of 4th highest daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentrations  must not exceed .08ppm.

All gates shall be locked. All outdoor pools should be secure in one of the three ways:

• 1. Draining
• 2.not drained or covered -- turbidity controlled to be able to see main drain from pool deck. Maintain disinfectant levels.
• 3. Covering must be able to support 1000lbs. with no water on top. If water is left in the pool, it should be below skimmers (18-24"). Lights should be taped OFF.

• Humans: 10-14 days
• Cats & dogs: 3-5 days
• Bats: 2 weeks

4 or more rooms OFFERED on a daily basis

ice machines must eliminate human contact

removes 40% suspended solids and 30-40% of BOD

• screening large objects
• grit chamber
• sedimentation tank

removes 85% BOD

activated sludge - microorganisms to break down organic material with aeration and agitation

Trickling filters - beds of coarse media (often stones or plastic 3-10ft deep)

Lagoons - slow and cheap. Rely on interaction of sunlight, algae, microorganisms, and oxygen

exposing to circulating air; adds oxygen to wastewater and allows other gases trapped in the wastewater to escape (first step in secondary treatment via activated sludge).

Lab measurement of wastewater that is one of the main indicators of the quantity of pollutants present; parameter used to measure the amount of oxygen that will be consumed by microorganisms.

Sludge that is intended for beneficial use (fertilizer, soil amendment)

treated wastewater from a lagoon, tank, treatment plant, etc.

Lab measurement of the quantity of suspended solids present in wastewater that is one of the main indicators of the quantity of pollutants present.

50 gallons per person per day minimum

Chlorinated to 50-100ppm

100 gallon well - use 14-28 ounces cleach; let sit overnight, flush, wait a week and test.

• 50 uphill from pollution
• 75 same elevation
• 100 downhill from pollution

private wells must be at least 10ft below ground surface

needs watertight casing; should extend to at least 8" above ground

minimum 1 acre

18-30" deep

24" wide

volume cylinder = pi x h x r^2

1ft^3 = 7.48gallons

Flow  = 8.34mg/l

1gal water = 8.34lbs.

24ft

3pm or later, had all day to synthesize

2-4 hrs.

directly on the ground

used to measure flow of wastewater

floor level

DPD

cast iron

activated sludge process

chlorine residual

remove any residual chlorine

at least 15% larger than potable water system