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Are further diagnostic signs other than history and clinical signs usually needed to diagnose Canine Infectious tracheobronchitis?
No, usually self-limiting resolves within 7-14 days
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In what animals is collapsing trachea most common?
Middle-aged small dogs
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What type of treatment for collapsing trachea is adequate for most animals?
Medical therapy (weight loss, avoid collars, cough suppressants, corticosteroids...)
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In feline bronchitis, if bronchi lumen decrease by 50% how much does air flow decrease?
16X decreased
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What is the key feature of canine chronic bronchitis?
Chronic cough (months to years)
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What physical conditions predispose animals to Canine Atopic dermatitis?
- Impaired skin barrier function
- Th1/Th2 imbalance that favors development of IgE
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What is the age of onset of canine atopic dermatitis?
B/t one and two years of age
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Where does canine atopic dermatitis typically manifest on the dog? 3
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How can you demonstrate allergen-specific IgE (only supports diagnosis) in canine atopic dermatitis? 2
- Intradermal skin test
- Serological test (ELISA)
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If hyposensitization works in canine atopic dermatitis, what is expected to happen?
gradual improvement over the first 9 months
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What medical therapy can be used against the inflammation response in canine atopic dermatitis? 7
- Corticosteroids
- Antihistamines
- Essential fatty acids
- Misoprostol
- Cyclosporine
- Interferon
- Janus kinase inhibitor
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What are the most important essential fatty acids for the skin? 4
- Linoleic acid
- Linolenic acid
- Gamma-linolenic acid
- Eicosapenanoic acid
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How long must you continue essential fatty acid therapy to accurately assess the response?
30-60 days
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What is the cornerstone of therapy for canine atopic dermatitis?
Hyposensitization
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What immunological processes are relevant with canine food allergy?
- IgE
- IgG
- Cell-mediated hypersensitivity
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What breeds of dogs are predisposed to canine food allergy? 3
- German shepherds
- Pugs
- Rhodesian ridgebacks
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What is usually seen alongside canine food allergy? 4
- Pruritus
- Papules
- Secondary generalized staphylococcal infection
- Recurrent otitis externa (80% of cases)
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What is the only way to confirm the diagnosis of an adverse food reaction?
Hypoallergenic diet trial followed by provocation
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What test has a negative predictive value of >99% in canine food allergy?
Patch testing
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What type of immunological response is involved in canine contact dermatitis?
Cell-mediated (Type 4) hypersensitivity
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What part of the body is affected by allergic contact dermatitis (dogs, sometimes horses)?
Restricted to hairless parts of the body
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What is the recommended therapy for allergic contact dermatitis? 2
- Remove allergen from environment
- Remove animal from environment
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What is the primary lesion in feline miliary dermatitis?
Erythematous papule that readily becomes encrusted
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If a feline has head and neck pruritus, what is the most likely etiology?
Food allergy
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What is suspected is you see well-demarcated, raised, oozing and ulcerated plaques on the abdomen and medial thighs of a feline?
Eosinophilic granuloma complex (eosinophilic plaque)
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What are the three forms of linear granulomas seen in cats?
- Linear lesions (posterior aspect of one or both limbs)
- Nodular lesions (mouth)
- Swelling of the chin
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What ulcerated lesion of the upper lip in cats is associated with allergy?
Eosinophilic ulcer (rodent ulcer)
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What type of hair loss in the cat is usually symmetrical involving the flank and ventrum, with "shorn-off" hairshaft tips?
Self induced hair loss (Barbed alopecia)
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What is the most effective antihistamine for cats?
Chlorphenarimine
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What type of allergy is almost never seen in the cat?
Contact allergy
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What virus is the cause of inflamed plaques in the vicinity of the nares that may ulcerate in cats?
Feline herpesvirus-type1
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What virus causes "paw and mouth disease" with oral lesions accompanied by ulcerated lesions of the carpal region in cats?
Feline calicivirus infection
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What is the major pathogen in canine staphylococcal pyoderma?
Staph pseudintermedius (not a true inhabitant of normal skin)
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What is the most useful classification of pyodermas?
Depth within the skin
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What are the three main types of surface pyodermas?
- Bacterial overgrowth (BOG)
- Pyotraumatic dermatitis (itch and scratch cycle)
- Fold pyodermas
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What are the two main predisposing factors to pyotraumatic dermatitis (surface pyoderma)?
- Itch-scratch-itch cycle
- Underlying perforating folliculitis
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Where is the infection in impetigo (superficial pyoderma)?
just under the stratum corneum
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Where is impetigo (superficial pyoderma) most common?
Commonest in hairless areas (young puppies)
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In what breed of dog is mucocutaneous pyoderma (superficial pyoderma) most common?
German Shepherds
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What type of superficial pyoderma originates in the hair follicle, producing papules?
Folliculitis (favors trunk and ventral abdomen)
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What is the most common form of bacterial skin infection?
Folliculitis (superficial pyoderma)
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