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Describe the i-STAT 1 (HESKA), VetScan i-STAT (ABAXIS)
hand held machine with own power supply
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What kind of sample do we use for the i-STAT 1/VetScan i-STAT? Which tube do we use to collect the blood in?
- whole blood - lithium or balance heparin (green top tube)
- whole blood - no anticoagulant (red top tube)
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How long does it take for the results of the i-STAT 1/VetScan i-STAT?
2 minutes
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Does the i-STAT 1/VetScan i-STAT have a portable printer?
yes
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Do we need to calibrate the i-STAT 1/VetScan i-STAT?
no
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How do we do quality control for the i-STAT 1/VetScan i-STAT?
- it is built in
- semi-annual software updates available
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Which single cartridges are available for the i-STAT 1/VetScan i-STAT?
glucose and creatinine
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Does the i-STAT 1/VetScan i-STAT have coagulation screening (ACT)?
yes
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What are some disadvantages to the i-STAT 1/VetScan i-STAT?
- manual is confusing with steps omitted
- Heska changes models and machines frequently which outdates hardware
- poor customer service from Heska
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What do the test cartridges include for the i-STAT 1/VetScan i-STAT?
- electrolytes
- lactate
- acid-base status
- ionized calcium
- blood gases
- glucose
- creatinine
- ACT (activated coaguation time)
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Which tests are not available for the i-STAT 1/VetScan i-STAT?
- no liver or pancreatic enzymes
- no T-4
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Are there species ranges available for the i-STAT 1/VetScan i-STAT?
no
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What kind of tube do we use to collect blood for the fibrinogen test?
- green top tube (lithium heparin)
- purple top tube (EDTA)
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How do you run the plasma fibrinogen test?
- fill 2 hematocrit tubes with freshly drawn and anticoagulated (heparin or EDTA) whole blood
- centrifuge the tubes
- break 1 tube and read it on the refractometer and record the plasma protein concentration (g/dl)
- incubate the other tube for 3 minutes in the 58 degree celcius water
- the fibrinogen will precipitate as a white ring about the RBC
- re-centrifuge the tube after 3 minutes in the warmer
- break the tube and measure the plasma protein concentration using the refractometere
- subtract the total protein value of the second tube from the first tube
- multiply the results by 1000 to obtain the fibrinogen measurement in mg/dl
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What does the SNAP cPL (Idexx) test test for?
canine lipase levels specific to the pancreas
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How long does it take us to get results from the SNAP cPL test?
10 minutes
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What type of results do we get from the SNAP cPL test?
normal or abnormal
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Can the SNAP cPL test be used in the snap shot reader?
yes
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What kind of sample do we use and what tube do we collect the sample in for the SNAP cPL test?
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Does hemolysis, lipemia, or icterus affect the results of the SNAP cPL test?
no
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How do we read the results for the SNAP cPL test?
- two dots means abnormal
- one dot or one dot and a faded dot means normal
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What is quality control?
acquiring values from a known substance in order to verify the accuracy of a machine or technique
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What is calibration?
the physical adjustment of the device or its data base in order to change the baseline
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What is the check strip for the TRUEread Glucose Meter?
electronic quality control
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When do we use the check strip for the TRUEread Glucose Meter?
- using the meter for the first time
- results are questionable
- meter was dropped or banged
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What is the Glucose Control Test for the TRUEread Glucose Meter and when would we use it?
- aqueous solution
- using the meter for the first time
- opening a new vial of test strips
- meter was dropped or banged
- occasionally as test strips are used
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What is the code chip for the TRUEread Glucose Meter?
- calibrates the machine to a specific batch of test strips
- it is essential to match the test strips to the code chip before every test
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What kind of blood do we use for the TRUEread Glucose Meters?
recommended using capillary blood with no anticoagulant
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If we can't run the TRUEread Glucose Meter right away what kind of blood should we get and what tube should we put it in and why?
- venous sample
- gray top tube (sodium fluoride)
- anticoagulant that inhibits glycolysis by the blood cells in the patient sample and can preserve the glucose in the blood for 3 days
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What are common errors with the i-STAT 1/VetScan i-STAT?
- overfilling cartridge
- air bubbles
- damaging cartridges when snapping to close cover over well
- not handling cartridges by sides (causes contamination)
- rough handling of cartridges (bursts calibration pack)
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How do you run the VetTest?
- transfer a portion of your sample to a serum cup
- have a kim-wipe ready with easy reach (needed for wiping pipette tip within 20 second window)
- read and follow prompts
- push slide loading tray in gently
- if you have a timing error after wiping the pipette tip press E and continue
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What are some common errors with the VetTest?
- rushing prompts
- jamming slides
- timing errors
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How do you run the Catalyst Dx?
- Transfer a portion of your sample to a serum cup.
- Ensure you do not have air bubbles in your cup
- Place the slides and remove the black clip by pulling it off
- Press run to run the sample
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What do you do after you have run a sample in the Catalyst Dx?
empty the waste drawer and refill the pipette tip drawer
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The Catalyst Dx is an upgrade from the _____.
VetTest
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What is unique about the Catalyst Dx?
it can run urine samples
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What do the urine samples determine in the Catalyst Dx?
protein:urine ratio for very early renal disease detection
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What does B.U.N. stand for?
Blood Urea Nitrogen
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Should you refrigerate the BUN Reagent Strips?
no
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What kind of sample should you use for the BUN Reagent Strips?
- whole blood
- serum
- heparinized plasma
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How long does the BUN Reagent Strips take to run?
1 minute
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What are the normal value ranges for BUN for canine, feline, equine for the BUN Reagent Strips?
- canine: 10 - 20 mg/dl
- feline: 10 - 30 mg/dl
- equine: 10 - 25 mg/dl
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Whold blood with _____ as a preservative should be avoided when using the BUN Reagent Strips.
fluoride
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If a patient is severely dehydrated, what kind of sample should we use for the BUN Reagent Strips?
serum or plasma only
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Should we touch the pad area on the BUN Reagent Strips?
no
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How do you run the BUN Reagent Stips test?
- apply 1 large drop of sample to the pad
- wait 30 seconds
- wipe sample off with a tissue - use moderate pressure evenly on the reagent pad area and remove all excess sample
- wait an additional 30 seconds
- compare color of the pad with the color chart to obtain BUN values
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What does the TRUEread Blood Glucose Meter test for?
blood glucose only
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What kind of sample do we use for the TRUEread Blood Glucose Meter and what tubes should we use (there are 2 methods)
- 1. whole blood without any anticoagulant, directly and immediately apply blood to test strip from syringe
- 2. whole blood collected into a sodium fluroide vacuum tube (gray top)
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What do we usually use the TRUEread Blood Glucose Meter for in practice?
- generating glucose curves
- glucose monitoring for diabetic patients
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What kind of sample do we use for the VetScan Classic?
- serum
- heparinized plasma (lithium heparin only)
- heparinized whole blood (lithium heparin only)
- NEVER USE EDTA
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What do we use for the VetScan Classic to test?
rotors
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Does the VetScan offer single tests?
no, only panels
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How long does it take to run a sample in the VetScan?
15 minutes
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Where do we store the rotors for the VetScan? What is the disadvantage of this?
- in the refrigerator
- takes up a lot of space
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If we drop a rotor can we still use it in the VetScan?
no
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What other machine is the VetScan compatiable with?
HMII (Hematology machine)
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Are the rotors for the VetScan self calibrating?
yes
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Which chemistry machine do we have that does not offer a lipase test?
VetScan
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Which animals can we not use the VetScan on?
avain and reptiles
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What is the main difference between the VetScan and the VetScan VS2?
the VS2 gives faster results (~12 minutes)
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What kind of sample can we use for the VetTest?
- serum
- plasma
- NEVER USE WHOLE BLOOD
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Are individual tests and panels available for the VetTest?
yes
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What is maximum amount of slides that can be run in the VetTest at one time?
12
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What kind of species can we use the VetTest for?
- dog
- cat
- horse
- cow
- sheep
- goats
- birds
- ferret
- reptiles
- llama
- primates
- rodents
- rabbits
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What are spotting errors usually due to?
formation of fibrin strand in plasma after centrifuging
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Once you have entered in all the patient information and put in the slides, how do you run the VetTest?
- Remove pipettor from the holder
- attach a new tip firmly
- replace the pipettor in the holder and wait for screen prompts
- do not place tip into sample until prompted
- when prompted on the display, place tip into sample keeping the pipettor vertical
- press and release button on pipettor
- keep the tip in the sample
- SINGLE BEEP signals the begin of aspiration, keep the tip in the sample until the next signal
- DOUBLE BEEP meand to lift the tip out of the sample, wait for the next signal
- TRIPLE BEEP means to carefully wipe the tip with a twistind motion with a Kim-Wipe, immediately insert pipettor into holder (must be done within 20 seconds)
- SINGLE BEEP means start of analysis
- TRIPLE BEEP means end of analysis
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What total plasma proteins are we determining with the plasma fibrinogen test?
albumin and globulins
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The plasma fibrinogen test is mainly used in horses, which plasma protein is significant in horses?
globulins
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What is fibrinogen?
a protein synthesized by the liver and in horses is used to diagnose and monitor a variety of inflammatory conditions
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What are the normal levels of fibrinogen in a horse?
200 - 400 mg/dl
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What kind of sample do we use for the i-STAT 1?
- whole blood (lithium heparin/balanced heparin or no anticoagulant)
- NOT EDTA or ammonium heparin
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What do we always use for cats when we are collecting a sample for the i-STAT 1?
an anticoagulant
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If we are running an ACT test in the i-STAT 1 what kind of sample do we use?
no anticoagulant
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Is this Snap cPL test normal or abnormal?
abnormal
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What is this?
BUN Reagent Strips
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What is this?
Catalyst Dx
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What is this?
i-Stat 1 (Heska)
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What is this?
TRUEread Glucose Meter
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What is this?
VetScan i-Stat (Abaxis)
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What is this?
VetScan VS2
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What is this?
VetTest
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Which tube yields plasma suitable for chemistry analysis?
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Which tube inhibits glycolysis?
- gray top
- sodium flouride/potassium oxalate
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Which tube is suitable for collection when using the SCA 2000?
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Which tube is used for performing an activated clotting time assay?
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