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The plasma membrane is made out of?
phospholipid bilayer and proteins.
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Is the phospholipid bilayer polar or non polar??
polar has a positive charge, attracted to water, the heads, hydrophillic heads
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From the phospholipid bilayer what part is the tails made out of?
fat, that repel water. the are hydrophobic tails
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What are the proteins for on the plasma membrane?
channels or pores, or have recceptors on them for hormones or chemicals, atigenic or foreign
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Is a plasma membrane solid?
no, more of a fluid texture, cosistancy of olive oil
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Can the protein molecules float around the cell membrane?
yes, and also move through the phospholipid bilayer
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What is the function of the cell membrane?
To allow passage of molecule, in/out selectively
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Where are the enzymes for atp production located in a bacteria cell since they don't have mitochondria?
in the cell membrane
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chromatophores are photosynthetic pigments on folding in some bacteria...where is this located?
in the cell membrane
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movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is what kind of diffusion?
simple
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Larger pariticles or charged particles that combine with a transporter protein in the membrane is what kind of diffusion?
facilitated diffusion
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The diffusion of water through a cell membrane is called??
Osmosis through aquaporins(water channels)
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What is a isotonic solution?
The same concentration on the outside and in the inside. There is no net movement of water.
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What is hypotonic solution?
where water moves into the cell because there are more molecules in the cell then out of the cell. If the cell wall is strong it will swell, if the cell wall is weak if will burst, (osmotic lysis)
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What is hypertonic solution?
There are more molecules outside of the cell then in so water moves outside the cell causing the cell to shrink (plasmolysis)
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What moves molecules against concentration gradient and requires transport proteins and atp?
active transport
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Process in which is only found in prokaryotes where the substance is chemically altered as it enters the cell so it cannot exit, it keeps it in there. Is this an active transport?
group translocation, yes it is an active transport
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When Eukaryotic cells phagocytosis and pinocytosis is this an active o passive result?
a active one
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What is the substance inside the cell membrane?
cytoplasm
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What is the extra piece of dna inside a cell called?
plasmid
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Bacteria chromosome-usually circular, single, dna molecule
nucleoid
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What are the red dots in the cell?
ribosomes
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What are ribosomes responsible of doing?
protein synthesis making of proteins
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how many subunits does a prokaryotic ribosome have when combined
70s
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How many subunits are there in a eukaryotic ribosome that is found attatched to the ER and freely in the cytoplasm?
80s
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how many subunits are there in a eukaryotic ribosome tha is found in mitochondria and chloroplasts?
same as prokaote, 70s
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What ribosomes are bigger prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
prokaryotes
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What is an inclusion in a prokaryic cell?
a storage unit
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Whar can bacillis and clostridium produce?
endospores
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can endospores reproduce?
no
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What happens when an endospore forms when nutrients are scarce?
sporulation
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What happens to an endospore when they return to a vegatative state when conditions improve?
germination
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What allows a cell to last a long time in a unpleasant enviroment
endospores for survival
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One cell produces how many endospores?
only one
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Where is the DNA located in a prokaryotic cell?
in the nucleoid chromosome or plasmid
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How do prokayotic cells divide?
by binary fission by end to end
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If you were to put bacteria in broth and they started multiplying and doubling in numbers will this continue?
no, they will run out of nutrients and start dying off
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