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Which of the following are prokaryotic cells?
bacteria
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Which of the following is not found in a prokaryotic cell?
endoplasmic reticulum
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The plasma membrane is
A. a feature of all cells
B. found in prokaryotic cells only
C. found in eukaryotic cells only
D. found in plant cells only
E. found in animal cells only
a feature of all cells
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A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from?
a plant or an animal.
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Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?
A. proteins
B. lipids
C. glucose
D. steroids
E. starches
proteins
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Which type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?
A. Golgi vesicles
B. smooth ER
C. rough ER
D. lysosomes
smooth ER
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________ depend on energy stored in chemical bonds by autotrophs for their food energy
Heterotrophs
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A molecule that stores energy by linking charged phosphate groups near each other is called?
ATP
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An electron carrier that is used in harvesting energy from glucose molecules in a series of gradual steps in the cytoplasm is?
NAD+
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At least 90% of organisms on the earth are heterotrophs. Examples include all of the following except
A. most bacteria
B. plants
C. animals
D. most protists
E. fungi
plants
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Cells release energy from molecules such as glucose in a process very similar to inhalation of air and exhalation of carbon dioxide by humans. This process is known as cellular
respiration
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In digestion, which is a prelude to metabolism, all of the following occur except
A. carbohydrates are degraded to sugars
B. proteins are degraded into amino acids
C. lipids are degraded to fatty acids
D. all of these occur
all of these occur
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If the following reaction is in equilibrium, what will happen if you decrease the concentration of C and D?
A + B --> <-- C + D
The forward reaction (A+B to C+D) will increase
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High energy electrons, moving through electron transport chains, build the proton (hydrogen ion, H+) gradient that drives ATP synthesis in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Match the source of high energy electrons to the correct process below.
- photosynthesis = sunlight hitting photopigment molecules like chlorophyll
- cellular respiration = breaking glucose down into water and carbon dioxie
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In a plant cell, where is ATP synthase located
A. thylakoid membrane
B. plasma membrane
C. inner mitochondrial membrane
D. thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane
E. thylakoid membrane, plasma membrane, and inner mitochondrial membrane
thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane
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During which process does the generation of proton (H+) gradients across membranes occur?
A. photosynthesis
B. respiration
C. both photosynthesis and respiration
D. neither photosynthesis nor respiration
both photosynthesis and respiration
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Since membranes are relatively impermeable to ions, most of the protons pass through special channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Because of the flow of protons these channels allow the synthesis of
ATP from ADP and Pi
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The electron transport chain, a series of membrane-associated electron carriers, uses most of the energy lost by transfer of electrons to drive several transmembrane
A. sodium, potassium pumps
B. electron pumps
C. chloride pumps
D. proton pumps
proton pumps
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What is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
A. to produce ATP and NADPH
B. to use ATP to make glucose
C. to fix carbon dioxide
D. to produce energy-rich glucose from carbon dioxide and water
to produce ATP and NADPH
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In a plant cell, where is ATP synthase located?
A. thylakoid membrane
B. plasma membrane
C. inner mitochondrial membrane
D. thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane
E. thylakoid membrane, plasma membrane, and inner mitochondrial membrane
thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane
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Organic molecules
1. are made by living things
2. occur spontaneously
3. both
4. neither
are made by living things
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All organic molecules contain the following
1. nitrogen
2. hydrogen
3. oxygen
4. carbon
hydrogen and carbon
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Carbon gets incorporated into organic molecules from an inorganic form during
1. cellular respiration
2. the calvin cycle
3. the kreb's cycle
4. the light-dependent reactions
the calvin cycle
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What are the products of the light reactions that are subsequently used by the Calvin cycle?
A. carbon dioxide and RuBP
B. ATP and NADPH
C. electrons and photons
D. water and carbon
ATP and NADPH
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Which of the following statements best represents the relationships between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle?
The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the cycle returns ADP, Pi, and NADP+ to the light reactions.
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Which of the following processes produces molecular oxygen (O2)?
light reactions only
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During which process does oxidative phosphorylation occur?
respiration
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During aerobic respiration the final acceptor of the hydrogen atoms is
A. oxygen
B. water
C. glucose
D. carbon dioxide
oxygen
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In oxidative respiration, energy is harvested from glucose molecules in a sequence of four major pathways. Which of the following is NOT one of these four pathways?
A. chemiosmosis
B. fermentation
C. electron transfer through the transport chain
D. glycolysis
E. Krebs cycle
fermentation
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Select the correct sequence concerning glucose catabolism.
glycolysis → Pyruvate → Acetyl CoA → Kreb Cycle → Electron Transport Chain
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The oxygen utilized in cellular respiration finally shows up as
H2O
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When ATP levels are high, oxidative pathways are inhibited, so acetyl-CoA is channeled into
fatty acid synthesis
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When substrate-level phosphorylation occurs, it means that?
A. NAD is converted into NADH
B. cAMP is converted into ADP by adding a phosphate group
C. NADH is converted into NAD + H
D. ATP is converted into ADP + a phosphate group
E. ADP is converted into ATP by addition of a phosphate group
ADP is converted into ATP by addition of a phosphate group
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Glycolysis is believed to be one of the most ancient of metabolic processes. Which statement below least supports this idea?
If run in reverse, glycolysis will build glucose molecules
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Glycolysis takes place in which location?
A. cytosol
B. mitochondrial outer membrane
C. mitochondrial inner membrane
D. mitochondrial intermembrane space
E. mitochondrial matrix
cytosol
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All of the following statements about NAD+ are true except:
A. In the absence of NAD+, glycolysis cannot function.
B. NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH.
C. NAD+ can receive electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation.
D. NAD+ is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH
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The Krebs cycle produces which of the following molecules that then transfer energy to the electron transport system?
FADH2 and NADH
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How many carbon atoms enter glycolysis per glucose molecule?
A. 0
B. 2
C. 4
D. 6
E. 8
6
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How many carbon atoms enter the electron transport chain per glucose molecule?
A. 0
B. 2
C. 4
D. 6
E. 8
0
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Which process in eukaryotic cells will normally proceed whether O2 is present or absent?
glycolysis
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In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?
A. CO2 and H2O
B. CO2 and ethyl alcohol
C. CO2 and NADH
D. H2O and ethyl alcohol
E. NADH and pyruvate
NADH and pyruvate
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All of the following are functions of the Krebs cycle except
A. production of ATP.
B. adding electrons and protons to oxygen to form water.
C. release of carbon dioxide.
D. production of NADH.
E. production of FADH2
adding electrons and protons to oxygen to form water
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Which of the following is true for exergonic reactions?
The products have less free energy than the reactants.
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In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are composed of
DNA and proteins
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