Chem exam 1

When a nucleus is too heavy, it fires out an alpha particle, consisting of two neutrons and two protons. Its Atomic number is 2, its atomic mass is four.

Smallest unit of an element

group of atoms bonded together

Two different elements bonded together

Rn-222

• Mechanical
• Electrical
• Chemical
• Thermal
• Electromagnetic

Pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom

• Nitrogen
• Oxygen
• Water
• C02
• Traces of other gases

.360 REM

Measure of the amount of damage done to tissue. Stands for Roentgen Equivalent Man.

Greater then 500

• Measure of the radiation in a sample.
• Equivalent to number of decays a second from one gram of radium.

Measure of energy absorbed by tissue. Stands for radiation absorbed dose. Equal to the absorbtion of .01 joules of energy per kg of tissue.

Mimics potassium and sodium, ingested through consumption of food and water.

Collects in the thyroid gland, causes thyroid cancer and graves disease.

Mimics calcium in the body, gathers in the bones.

The amount of fissionable fuel required to start a chain reaction.

E=MC^2 ( mass is in KG)

The amount of time it takes for 50% of the atoms in a sample to decay.

Chemicals with an unpaired electron, highly reactive.

Gamma>Xray>Visible light>Infra-red>Microwave>Radio

• 1) Determine charges
• 2)Write the positive ion first, then the negative
• 3)Balance charges
• 4)Write as subscripts.

Results when metals react with non-metals

It is a decay product of Apatite, an ingredient used in fertilizer for tobacco, Po-210 causes cancer.

Different atomic weights of the same element.

When the nucleus of an atom is unstable.

A physical change only involves one compound or element, and it changes from a gas to a liquid or a solid. A chemical change is when the compound or element changes into another, or gives off energy.

Chemical elements with numbers greater then 92, none of them are found normally in nature, but are products of decay.

H20 + (ionizing radiation) = H20(+) + e(-)

H is Hydrogen

Li is Lithium

Na is Sodium

Mg is Magnesium

K is potassium

Ca is Calcium

Strontium

Cs is Cesium

Ba is Barium

Ra is Radium

Fe is Iron

Te is Tellurium

Co is Cobalt

Nickel

Cu is Copper

Zn is Zinc

Ag is silver

Cd is Cadmium

Au is gold

Hg is Mercury

Al is Aluminum

C is Carbon

Pb is Lead

N is Nitrogen

P is Phosphorus

Po is Polonium

O is Oxygen

Sulfur

F is Flouride

Cl is Chlorine

Br is Bromine

I is Iodine

Helium

Ne is Neon

Ar is Argon

Rn is Radon

Thorium

Uranium

Neptunium

Plutonium

If it has one element it gets an -ide ending, if it is polyatomic it gets an -ate ending. Exception being OH which is always hydroxide and NH4 which is always ammonium.

Ionising (or ionizing) radiation is radiation composed of particles that individually carry enough energy to liberate an electron from an atom or molecule

H20 > Ion Radiation > H20+ and E-, when this pairs with other water molecules it becomes H30 and *OH.

The long description of a chemical compound (ie, water = h20)

When products are apart on the left hand side of the equal sign and then are balanced and together on the right.

UV, X-ray, Gamma Ray

Visible, IR, Microwave, Radio

A tube is filled with argon gas which is then ionized by the radiation, and results in the conducting of electricity through the tube and the wire that runs in between it.

Nuclear radiation begins from the nucleus, while electromagnetic radiation mostly comes from outer space.

Lead(PB)

Because they are radioactive(unstable) and need to reduce the amount of neutrons to become stable, which is done in the form of beta decay.