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asfheaton
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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What is alpha decay
When a nucleus is too heavy, it fires out an alpha particle, consisting of two neutrons and two protons. Its Atomic number is 2, its atomic mass is four.
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What is an Atom
Smallest unit of an element
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What is a molecule
group of atoms bonded together
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What is a compound
Two different elements bonded together
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What is the most prevalant source of background radiation
Rn-222
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What are the five types of energy
- Mechanical
- Electrical
- Chemical
- Thermal
- Electromagnetic
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What is an element
Pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom
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What gases are in the air we breathe
- Nitrogen
- Oxygen
- Water
- C02
- Traces of other gases
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Average background radiation a person gets in a year
.360 REM
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What is a REM
Measure of the amount of damage done to tissue. Stands for Roentgen Equivalent Man.
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What is a fatal dose of REM
Greater then 500
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What is a curie
- Measure of the radiation in a sample.
- Equivalent to number of decays a second from one gram of radium.
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What is a RAD
Measure of energy absorbed by tissue. Stands for radiation absorbed dose. Equal to the absorbtion of .01 joules of energy per kg of tissue.
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What does Cs-137 do to the body
Mimics potassium and sodium, ingested through consumption of food and water.
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What does I-131 do to the body
Collects in the thyroid gland, causes thyroid cancer and graves disease.
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What does Sr-90 do to the body
Mimics calcium in the body, gathers in the bones.
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What is critical mass
The amount of fissionable fuel required to start a chain reaction.
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What is the formula for fission?
E=MC^2 ( mass is in KG)
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What is half life?
The amount of time it takes for 50% of the atoms in a sample to decay.
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What are free radicals?
Chemicals with an unpaired electron, highly reactive.
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What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
Gamma>Xray>Visible light>Infra-red>Microwave>Radio
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How do you write a chemical formula for ionic compounds?
- 1) Determine charges
- 2)Write the positive ion first, then the negative
- 3)Balance charges
- 4)Write as subscripts.
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What is an ionic compound
Results when metals react with non-metals
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What is Po-210
It is a decay product of Apatite, an ingredient used in fertilizer for tobacco, Po-210 causes cancer.
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What is an Isotope
Different atomic weights of the same element.
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What does radioactive mean?
When the nucleus of an atom is unstable.
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What is the difference between a physical and chemical change?
A physical change only involves one compound or element, and it changes from a gas to a liquid or a solid. A chemical change is when the compound or element changes into another, or gives off energy.
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What is a transuranium element?
Chemical elements with numbers greater then 92, none of them are found normally in nature, but are products of decay.
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When water is hit with ionizing radiation what happens?
H20 + (ionizing radiation) = H20(+) + e(-)
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What element is H?
H is Hydrogen
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What element is Li
Li is Lithium
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What element is Na
Na is Sodium
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What element is Mg
Mg is Magnesium
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What element is K
K is potassium
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What element is Ca
Ca is Calcium
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What element is Sr
Strontium
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What element is Cs
Cs is Cesium
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What element is Ba
Ba is Barium
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What element is Ra
Ra is Radium
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What element is Fe
Fe is Iron
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What element is Te
Te is Tellurium
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What element is Co
Co is Cobalt
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What element is Ni
Nickel
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What element is Cu
Cu is Copper
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What element is Zn
Zn is Zinc
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What element is Ag
Ag is silver
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What element is Cd
Cd is Cadmium
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What element is Au
Au is gold
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What element is Hg
Hg is Mercury
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What element is Al
Al is Aluminum
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What element is C
C is Carbon
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What element is Pb
Pb is Lead
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What element is N
N is Nitrogen
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What element is P
P is Phosphorus
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What element is Po
Po is Polonium
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What element is O
O is Oxygen
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What element is F
F is Flouride
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What element is Cl
Cl is Chlorine
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What element is Br
Br is Bromine
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What element is I
I is Iodine
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What element is He
Helium
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What element is Ne
Ne is Neon
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What element is Ar
Ar is Argon
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What element is Rn
Rn is Radon
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What element is Th
Thorium
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What element is U
Uranium
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What element is Np
Neptunium
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What element is Pu
Plutonium
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How do you name ionic compounds?
If it has one element it gets an -ide ending, if it is polyatomic it gets an -ate ending. Exception being OH which is always hydroxide and NH4 which is always ammonium.
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What is ionizing radiation
Ionising (or ionizing) radiation is radiation composed of particles that individually carry enough energy to liberate an electron from an atom or molecule
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What happens when water is hit with ionizing radiation?
H20 > Ion Radiation > H20+ and E-, when this pairs with other water molecules it becomes H30 and *OH.
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What is a chemical formula?
The long description of a chemical compound (ie, water = h20)
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What is a chemical equation?
When products are apart on the left hand side of the equal sign and then are balanced and together on the right.
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What electromagnetic radiation is ionizing?
UV, X-ray, Gamma Ray
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Which electromagnetic radiation is not ionizing?
Visible, IR, Microwave, Radio
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How does a geiger counter work?
A tube is filled with argon gas which is then ionized by the radiation, and results in the conducting of electricity through the tube and the wire that runs in between it.
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What is the difference between nuclear radiation and electromagnetic radiation?
Nuclear radiation begins from the nucleus, while electromagnetic radiation mostly comes from outer space.
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What is the last element in the U-238 Decay chain?
Lead(PB)
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Why are fission products beta emitters?
Because they are radioactive(unstable) and need to reduce the amount of neutrons to become stable, which is done in the form of beta decay.
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