Geography

What is an isoline that connects all points of equal pressure?

These occur by ocean currents that are driven by the circulation around subtropical high-pressure cells in both hemispheres and generally appear to be offset toward the western side of each ocean basin.

A towering, precipitation-producing cumulus cloud that is vertically developed across altitudes associated with other clouds; frequently associated with lightning and thunder and thus sometimes termed a thunderhead.

These clouds are present when there are thunderstorms.

The merging of evaporation and transpiration water loss into one term.

Solar radiation that reaches a horizontal plane at Earth.

The heat enerfy that is absorbed or released in the phase change of water and is stored in one of the three states - ice, water, or water vapor; melting, freezing, evaporation, vaporization, and condensation.

The heat measured with a thermometer; a measure of the concentration of kinetic energy from the molecular motion. 

What is a calorie?

The interaction of the solar wind and the upper layers of Earth's atmosphere that occurs toward the poles produces what?

Driven down

The bending effect that occurs when insolation enters the atmosphere or another medium; the same process by which a crystal, or prism, disperses the component colors of the light passing through it. 

The portion of arriving energy that returns directly back to space without being converted into heat or performing any work.

The horizontal movement of air or water from one place to another.

The slow molecule-to-molecule transfer of heat from warmer to cooler portions through a medium. 

The vertical transfer of heat from one place to another through the actual physcial movement of air; involves a strong vertical motion.

The temp at which a given mass of air becomes saturated, absorbing all the water it can. Any further cooling or addition of water vapor results in active condensation.

The reflective quality of a surface, expressed as the percentage of reflected insolation to incoming insolation; a function of surface color, angle of incidence, and surface texture. 

Pressure produced by the motion, sixe, and number of gas molecules and exerted on surfaces in contact with the air. 

Pertaining to the heating and cooling of a descending or ascending parcel of air through compression and expansion, without any exchange of heat between the parcel and the surrounding environment.

The drop in elevation from a stream's headwaters to its mouth, ideally forming a concave slope.

Differences in temperature and salinity produce density differences important to the flow of deep, sometimes vertical, currents. Traveling at slower speeds that wind-driven surface currents and hauls larger volumes of water.

Water access to subsurface regions of soil-moisture storage through penetration of the soil surface.

The water-vapor content of the air. The capacity of the air to absorb water vapor is mostly a function of the water-vapor temperature and air temperature.

The ration of water vapor actually in the air (content) compared to the maximum water vapor possible (capacity) at that temperature; expressed as a percentage.