Digestive System

hollow tube that wind through the body

The GI tract includes (7):

The accessory digestive organs include:

__________ organs assist in the digestion of food material, but are not necessarily required.

The purpose of the digestive system is to acquire _______ and __________.

T/F Food never enters the body.
True False

Alcohol is absorbed through the __________

nutrients are absorbed through the ____________-

water, electrolytes and vitamins are absorbed by the ______________

Absorbed nutrients are passed into _______ of the digestive system and then go into the _________.

Fats are absorbed through the small intestine and passed into the lymphatic system through a

fats will eventuall enter into the ______________ system

The ___________ colon is a storage site for feces.

There are 6 essential food-processing activities of the Digestive system:

Propultion = __________(party voluntary) and ______________ (involuntary movement of food)

mechanical digestion = cheming, churning food in stomach and ___________. It occurs in the mouth, __________ and ___________.

CHemical disgestion = breakdown of food into molecules occurs in the _______, ____________, and _____________.

Absorption= transporting nutrients/electrolyts/ water into __________; and fats into the ____________

Defecation

Peristalsis vs. Segmentation

The organization for the entire length of the GI tract it: (4)

true epithelium+lamina propria+muscularis mucosae
*epithelium is either stratified squamous or simple columnar

contains arteries, veins, nerves, lymphatics and sometimes mucus glands

a layer of smooth muscle (muscularis)

a layer of mesothelium

Enteric Nervous plexes

Signals submucosal glands to secrete and muscularis mucosae to contract

located between the ciruclar and longitudinal layers of muscularis externa; controls peristalsis and segmentation

Ther are 4 mucosal types in the GI tract:

stratifies squamous epithelium found in the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus and anal canal

simple columnar eithelium; specialized for secreting mucous; contains mucus-secreting cells and mucus-neck cells (stomach)

simple columnar cells; modified for absorbing nutrients (SI)

simple columnar cells; for absorbing water/electrolytes switching to stratified squamous; absorptive cells in LI, stratifies squamous in anal canal

the line between the tooth and gum

the space between the lip and the alveolar ridge

a fold

Salivary glands open into the oral cavity ___________ and ____________.

the ________ dangles down from the soft palate

the lips are formed from _______ _____, and the cheeks are formed by the _____________ muscle

Lateral arches of the soft palate:

The congue is covered with ___________.

A type of papillae that resembles pointed cones; most numerous; no tastebuds

A type of papillae that resemble mushrooms; possesses taste-buds

a papilla resembling a circular wall; possesses taste-buds

separates the circumvallate papilla and lingual tonsil

the opening between the oral cavity and the oropharynx
palatoglossal arch - uvula - sulcus terminalis

ring of protective tonsils in the oropharnyx = palatine + lingual tonsils

produce and deposit saliva into oral cavity

salivary gland made of serous cells; secrete amylase and lysozymes; parotid duct passes through buccinator muscle

enzyme to digest carbohydrates

enzyme to lyse bacteria

glands composed of mucous cells; secrete mucus for lubrication; utilizes many ducts

gland made of serous and mucous cells; usues the submandibular duct

Types/numbers of teeth per side

carries food material (bolus) from oral cavity to stomach

muscularis externa:
the upper 1/3 is _________ muscle
the middle 1/3 is ___________
the inferior 1/3 is __________ muscle

esophagus: The the lumen is collapsed except when

esophagus: the mucosa has a protective ____________ __________ epithelium

esophagus: there are __________ glands in the submucosa
*as the bolus passes the glands, they secrete mucus for lubrication

esophagus: the external layer is ________ not ___________.

The esophagus passes through the diaphragm at the level of

The muscularis externa ______ function as the sphincter of the esophagus

muscle fibers of the diaphragm serve as a functional sphincter muscle in the esophagus

A site for chemical and mechanical digestion

Regions of the stomach (4)

a sphincter to prevent food from leaving the stomach

Greater curvature

lesser curvature

folds formed when stomach decreases in sizes

stomach: lined by modified simple columnar cells called "mucus-secreting cells"

T/F there are goblet cells in the stomach
True False

secrete mucus and line the neck of the gastric pit

The mucus mucus protects the stomach from

The _______ and __________ of the stomach are called Gastric Pits

the gastric pits have ___________ glands

Types of cells in the gastric glands:

What is the function of parietal cells?

Function of cheif cells?

Function of Enteroendocrine cells

When food enteres the stomach, _________ is produced

Gastrin stimulates Parietal cells to secrete

Has 3 layers of smooth muscle: innermost oblique, middle circular and outer longitudinal

The pyloric sphincter muscle is formed from a thinkened ______ ________ layer.

A site for absorphtion of nutrients (carbs, proteins and fats)

Three parts of the SI

the duodenum begins after the _______ ___________.

the ileum ends at the ____________ _______.

Modified simple columnar cells for absorbing nutrients

specialized ducts of the lymphatic system to carry fats; absorptive cells transfer the emulsified fats into lacteal ducts

Mucus secreting cells in the SI

aggregated lymphoid nodules
(lymphoid tissue that appears as macroscopic white patches - only in the SI)

The muscularis externa has 2 layers of smooth muscle

The surface of the lumen has modifications to increase surface area for absorption such as:

Thinkened areas of submucosa

macroscopic finger-like projections of the mucosa

microscopic folds on apical surface of cells

located in SI between adjacent villi

Located at he base of crypts; secrete lysozymes to lyse bacteria

Mucus secreting cells in the submucosa of the duodenum specifically

Food material entering duodenum stimulates the secretion of cholecystokinin and secretin

Signals the gallbladder to contract and release bile into the duodenum

Stimulates the pancrease to secrete digestive juices and bicarbonate into duodenum