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What is a Proto oncogene
Cell that regulates cell division by promoting growth
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What is an Oncogene
Mutant cell that proliferates (malignancy transformation)
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What is a Tumor suppressor gene
Cell that regulates cell growth by stopping or slowing cell growth, may induce apoptosis
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What is a pluri potent stem cell
A cell that can become anytype of cell or body tissue
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What is the process of differentiation
Process of acquiring a specified function. Slide stated it is returning to earlier form of cell. Occasionally these cancer cells produce hormones not produced by parent cell.
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What is de-differentiation
Cell that stays in the premature state, it does not differentiate into specific cell. (cancer cells are de-differentiated cells, they do this to stay alive, because once differentiated, they would then die).
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What is cancer arising from the connective tissue called
Sarcoma
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What is cancer of brain or brain tumor
Glioma
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What is cancer from lymphatic tissue
Lymphoma
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What is cancer of the blood forming cells?
Leukemia
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What is cancer from the epithelial cells
Carcinoma
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Name 6 attributes of cancer cells
- 1) Enhanced proliferation (increase proto oncogenes, decrease suppressor cells)
- 2) Insensitivity to antigrowth signals (P53 suppressor cells, either turn off or ignore)
- 3) Evading apoptosis - apoptosis pathway disabled
- 4) Limitless replicative potiential - don't die
- 5) Sustained angiogenesis - creates own blood supply (VEGF recruits new vascular endothelial cells)
- 6) Tissue invation and metastasis - decrease cell adhesion, secretion protease, able to grow in new location
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What is the process or ability of the cancer cell to make its own blood vessels called
Angiogenesis
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How are the cancer cells able to metastasize?
- 1) Ongoing proliferation
- 2) Digestion of connective tissue by secretion of protease
- 3) Cell to cell adhesion is changed, become slippery and mobile
- 4) Increased mobility of individual tumor cells by angiogenesis (VEGF)
- 5) Able to survive circulation, attach and multiply at new site.
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How is hereditary cancer different than non hereditary
- Occur in younger population
- Usually paired or multifocal
- Autosomal dominant trait
- Most are caused by mutated tumor suppressor genes
- Usually clustered or very rare forms of cancer.
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Name key tumor suppressor genes
- BRCA-1, BRCA-2 - breast cancers,
- ras - Carcinomas and leukemias,
- p53 - Carcinomas
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What does cancer do to patient
- Pressure in tissue
- High metabolic rate - nutritionla wasting
- Impaired immune response
- Invasion of tissue
- Destruction of tissue (Metastasis)
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What are some causes of cancer
- Radiation,
- DNA alterations - point mutations, translocations,
- Chemicals
- Viral infection - retrovirus - HPV, Epstein Barr, Hep B, HTLV
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