ANTH 101 CH 8-11

food-producing society with rudimentary political structure

Means of settling disputes

legal code of state society, with trial and enforcement

local tribal leader with limited authority (always a man)

generous tribal entreprenuer with multivillage support (almost always male)

nonkin-based group with regional political significance

unisex (usually male) political group; includes everyone born within a certain time span

permanent political position

favored access to resources by superordinates over subordinates.

upper, privileged, group in a stratefied society

lower, underprivilaged, group in a stratefied society

basis of economic status, all a person's material assets

basis of political status, ability to control others

esteem, respect, or approval

pertaining to finances and taxation

subordinates accept hierarchy as "natural"

open, public interactions between dominators and oppressed

Hidden resistance to dominance, by the oppressed

marked differences in male and female biology, beyond the obvious

the tasks and activities that a culture assigns to each sex

Oversimplified, strongly held views about males and females

unequal distribution of social resources between men and women

work at home versus more valued work outside

descent traced through women only

descent traced through the men only

married couple resides in husband's community

married couple resides in wife's community

Mother-centered (i.e. household with no resident husband-father)

male supremacy based on patrilineality, patrilocality, and warfare

outside the home; public

political system ruled by men

sexual attraction to persons of the opposite sex, same sex, either sex, or neither sex

indifference toward or lack of attraction to either sex

group based on belief in shared ancestry

Nuclear family in which one is born and grows up

Nuclear family established when one marries and has children

couple establishes new residence

household with three or more generations

matrilineal or patrilineal descent

unilineal descent group based on demonstrated descent

unilineal descent group based on stipulated descent

members can recite the names of their forebears in each generation from the apical ancestor through the present

person who stands at the apex (top) of the common genealogy (Adam and Eve)

any branch of a descent group that lives in one place

an animal or plant that is the apical ancestor of a clan

flexible descent rule, neither patrilineal or matrilineal

how people in a particular society reckon kin relations

position from which one views an egocentric genealogy

Kin ties calculated equally through men and women

explanation based on correlation or co-occurrence of social variables

Four parental kin terms: distinguishes lineal relatives from collateral relatives

found in societies where the nuclear family is the most important group based on kinship.

Neolocal residence rule: Industrialism and Foraging economies

ego's direct ancestors and descendents

relative outside ego's direct line

relatives by marriage

Four parental kin terms: found in societies with unilineal descent rules and unilocal postmarital residence rules

Bifurcates (splits) the mother's side and father's side, but also merges same-sex siblings of each parent.

Residence rule: Unilocal

Economy: Horticulture, Pastoralism, Agriculture

Two parental generation kin terms: found in societies with ambilineal descent

• uses the same term for parents and siblings:
• male member of the parental generation = father
• female member of the parental generation = mother

Residence Rule: Ambilocal

Economy:  Agriculture, Horticulture, Foraging

Six seperate parental kin terms

Most specific kin classification system.  Found in various situations (i.e. biracial family with 2 different languages)

a child's biological father

one's socially recognized father

marriage outside a given group

forbidden sexual relations with a close relative

children of two brothers or sisters

belong to the same moiety as ego

half (organization) - "same half/side" of family

children of a brother and sister

belong to the opposite moiety from ego

marriage of people from the same group

to marry someone similar - i.e. similar SES

socially recognized mother of a child

Marital gift by husband's group to wife's group

marital gifts by the husband's group to the wife's group; legitimizes their children

substantial gifts to the husband's family from the wife's family

more than two spouses simultaneously (aka Polygamy)

man has more than one wife at the same time

when the infertile wife stays married to the husband after he finds a substitute wife provided by her descent group 

woman has more than one husband at the same time

widower marries sister of his deceased wife

widow marries the brother of her deceased husband