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What were the four primary criminal justice officers
- Sheriff
- Constable
- Coroner
- Justice of peace
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What was the sheriff's original job
To maintain law and order in the tithings
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What were the duties of the constable
- Collecting taxes
- Supervising highways
- Serving as magistrate
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How far back are constables traced
Anglo-Saxon
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How far back is the justice of peace traced
1195 in England
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Frankpledge
A system that required every male above the age of 12 to form a group with nine of his neighbors
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Who was Patrick Colquhoun
- A London magistrate
- Focused on police reform
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What were the three eras of policing
- Political
- Reform
- Community
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Who was Sir Robert Peel
- A wealthy member of parliament
- Constructed the metropolitan police act of 1829
- Constructed peel's nine principles of policing
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When did NY state legislature establish a full time police force
In 1844
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In 1950 what city became the leader of the reform era
Los Angeles police department
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Justice of peace got paid based on
Convictions
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What were the two crime waves during the 1600's
- Quaker/Puritan conflict
- Salem witch trials
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When was the Political Era
1840s-1930s
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What four groups assumed responsibility for law enforcement
- Private citizens
- U.S marshalls
- Businessmen
- Town police officers
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When was the Reform Era
1930s-1980s
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When was the community era
1980s to present
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Who was Henry Fielding
Appointed chief magistrate of Bow street in London
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Sheriff comes from the term
- shire reeve
- shire meaning county
- reeve meaning agent of the king
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Posse comitatus
Allowed the sheriff to deputize common citizens to assist in the capture of outlaws
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How many tithings are in a shire
10
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Who is considered the father of American policing
August Vollmer
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Who was responsible for putting radio in the police cars
August Vollmer
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Who is August Vollmer
- Town marshall of Berkeley California
- Police School
- Patroling on bicycles
- Police as social workers
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Who was the leading authority on police administration
O.W Wilson
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What was the redefinition of the police role with O.W Wilson
The crime fighter image gained popularity
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What is the Wickersham Commission
First National study of crime and criminal justice
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What were some of the recommendations of the Wickersham Commission
- Testing of patrol officers
- Decent salaries and working conditions
- Use of policewomen,, crime prevention units
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Who was responsible for focusing on police as crime fighters
William H.Parker
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What were some of the accomplishments of William H.Parker
- Transformed the LAPD
- Viewed police as thin blue line
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What predominated the late 1960s and 1970s
Civil rights movement
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President's crime commission
National commission focusing on solutions to America's internal crime problems
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What recommendations came through the President's crime commission
- Hiring more minority officers
- Better educated officers
- College educated supervisors
- Rigorous screening
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What brought policing back to the policies of Robert Peel
President's crime commission
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What were some of the policies of the Community Era
- Team policing
- Foot patrol became popular
- Problem oriented approach to policing
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What are some of the factors to the demise of professional era
- Increased cultural diversity
- Increased violence in the society
- Increased dependence on high-tech equipment
- Increased concern about police violation of the civil rights of minorities
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What are the four primary law enforcement organizations
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When was the DHS activated
January 2003
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Who is the department of justice headed by
Attorney general
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USMS
The US Marshall Service
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ATF
The Bureau of Alcohol,Tobacco,Firearms and Explosives
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DEA
Drug Enforcement Administration
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FBI
Federal Bureau of Investigation
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The witness protection program is under the operation of what organization
USMS
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SWAT
Special weapons and tactics
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Name one of the largest federal law enforcement agencies
- CBP
- U.S Customs and Border Protection
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What does the 4th amendment entail
The right of people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures but upon probable cause
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What does the 5th amendment entail
- Double jeopardy
- Nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself
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How many amendments are there
10
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What does the 8th amendment entail
Excessive bail should not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted
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What does the 14th amendment entail
Its Due Process Clause prohibits state and local governments from depriving persons of life, liberty, or property without certain steps being taken to ensure fairness
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What does the 6th amendment entail
The accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and pulic trial
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What is another name for the 14th amendment
Doctrine of corperation
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Gideon v. Wainwright
The Supreme cout mandated that all indigent charged with felonies in state courts be provided counsel
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Terry v Ohio
The police have the authority to detain a person briefly for questioning if they believe that the person committed a crime or is about to commit a crime
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