ads.

• sturm und drang
• sprial growth patterns

• frued- individuation
• defnes mechanism
• ego identity

• piaget - adaptation and equilibrium
• vygotski- socil influcesn on cognition

• social learning thoery
• social cognitive thoery

• deveopmental tasks
• field thiery
• ecological system thuery
• Marageter mead- anthropogoical views

sotmr and stress- sued to descrive the violatile adolescent temperment

belived ads. are on an emotional seesaw- after moving through the animnal, hunter and svagery stages of infancy, childhoos and preadolscene respectively.

bellived that genes dtermine the order of appearence of behavioral traits and deveopmental trends. This cnocept implies biological dterminism that prevnts teacher  parents ect from infleuncing human devopment

 a period of sexual excitment, anxiety and sometime personaliti disturbances. Had fourstages- the oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital stage.

the firts stage of frueds thoery usually goes from birth to 1 year during which the childs cheif source of pleasure and staifiction comes from oral activity.

the second stage in frueds during the 2nd year of flife during which the child seeks pleasure and satisfaction through anal activity an the elmination of waste

the3rd stage of frued about ages 4-6 during which the genital area is the chief source of pleasure and satisfaction

4th stage of frued 6-12 during which sexual interest remain hidden whitl the child concentrates on school and other activities

the last stage in frued which is when sexual urges result in seeking other persons as sexual objects to relive sexual tenision

from freud- the idea that boys become jealous of thier mothers attention otward thier fathers- boys fear that fathers will try to remove them as sexual rivals which is called castration anxiety.

• the taking on of aperntal values, beliefs and behaviors.
• it services two functions- it reduces castration anxiety and teaches boys how to behave as men.

girls being atracted to thier fathers

the formation of personal identifty by the development of the self as a unique person separate from parents and others.

frued thoery that the strcture of personality is composed of the id, ego and superegp and that mental health depends on keeping the baalnce between them.

thos instictual urgges that a person seeks to staify according to pleasure principle

according to frued the rtaional mind that seeks to satisfy the id in keeping with relaity

according to frued the part of the mind that opposes the desires of the id by enforcing moral resdtrictions that have been learned to try to attain a goal of perfection.

to win the battle btewwen the id and superego.

8 stages of human deveopment- each stage you have to master a task if you dont it produces conflict. stage 5 identify vs. diffusion is most important.

a socailly asacnction period between childhood and adulthood during whihc an individual is free to experiment to find socially acceptable idenitit role.

the stage of life generally extended through ones 20's in which one is between as and full adulthood.

• cognitive devleopment is the combined result of envronmental inflrunces and the maturation of the brain and nervous syet. He used fiev terms to describe the deveopment
• schems
• adaptation
• assimilation
• accomdation and equilibirum

the orginal patterns of thinking- the mental structures that people use for dealing with what happens in the environment

inclduing and adjusting to new information that increases understanding

incorporating features of the envionrment into existing mode or sturcture of thought

achieveing a blance between schema and acconomdation

adjusting to new info by creating new structure to replace old ones

• sensorimotor
• preoperational
• concerte
• formal operational

abstract reasoning skills that allows children to think logically

cognitive skill deveops thru social interaction- child learn best whenthey are paired with those that are older than them.This is called the zine of proximal deveopment

the assiatnce provided to help a child master a task it is gradually withdrawn as the child gains confidence.

children learn thru observing behavior of others and by imitating this pattern a process referred ot as modeling.

lerning by observing and imitating behavior of another

in the operant condition thiery- emphasizes the dual role of reinforcement- reward and punishment. and expanded version of this was vicarious reinforment and self reienforcment. Vicaries conist of positiove or negative consequences that one observes others experiences. and self reinforcment is that act of learning rewards themselves for activities or repsonce that they consider good quality.

people dtermine thoier won destiny- by how they react to thier environment.

• the skills knowldege functions and attitudes that individual have to aquire at certain points in order to function effectively as a mature person.
• they include
• acceoting ons phsyque
• achiveing new and more matur relations
• achiveing a masculine or femine social sex role
• achieveing emotional independence from parents and other adults
• preparing for an economic acreer
• preparing for marriage nad  family life
• desireing and achieving socailly repsinible behavior
• Aquiring a set of vlaues and an ethical system as a guide to behavior.

atemops to explain whay ads go between mature and chilish behavior. his core concep tis that bheavior is a function of the person and of his or her environment. group membership changes sometimes treated as a adult sometimes are not.

• take sinto account families, communities and countries
• micro system, meso system, exosystem, macro system

ecological system thoery- people who have immdeiate contact with ad. and who influcen hm or her

ecological thoery- the reciprocal relationships amoung mior system seeting- teacher parents ect

includes setting in which the ads does not have an active role as a participant but that inflrunce him or her- mom or dad losing a job

ecological thoery- sttitudes morals cutsims and laws of a culture that unfleunce

emopohasize importance of broader social envronment.

the hypothalamus, the pituitaryt gland, the gionads, the adrenal glands

spermatogenisis, deveoping penis, cowpers glands, nocturanl emmisions

deveoping vagina, changes in vulva and uterus, ovarian chanes, mecnarche and menstrual cycle

structures in the bodt that produce hormones

biochemical substances secreted into the bloodstream by the endocrine glands that act as an internal communication system that tells different cells what to do.

a small area of the brain that controls motivation emotion pleasure and pain in the body that is it controls eating, drinking, hormonal production, menstration.

a hormone secreted by the hypo that cntrol the production and relase of FSH and LH.

master gland of the body located at the base of the brain

a hormone that stimulates that maturation of the follicles and ova in the ovaries and of sperm in the testes

a oituitary hormone that stimulates the deveopment of the ovuma dn etsrogen progesterone in femals and sperm in males

particular to particular

particular to general

general to particular

tryiong to link idea that are not related

the ability to divide objects into a series of categories

understanding that objects can be futr into diff. levels of hierarchies

tranductive, inductive, deductive, syncretism, ego centric, animism

hierarchical, class inclusion, transitive infernneces, seriate, conservation problems

ability to solve prob,e such a tom is taller then fred ect

the act of lininf things up in order from large to small or small to large

an objects changing apperance does not alter fundamnetal prperties

idealism, hypocrist, pseudostupiidity, egocentrism, introspection

insiting upon high standards of bheavior

discrepency between what people say and what they do

a tendency to approach prbems at a much too complex a level and to fail

the inability to take the prespective of another or to imagine the other person point of view

belief that others are constantly paying atention to them

belief they are invulnerable and that thier feeling are special and unqie

thinking about ones owns thoughts and feelings

• age and universlaity
• beyond formal operations
• consistency

an advanced form of reasoning that allows one to create new and better insights by integrating conflicting data

an approacj tostudying cognition that focuses on the perceptionm, attention and retrival and mnaipulation of infromaion

• stimuli
• selection
• interpretation
• memory

• sensory stroage
• short term
• long term

the process by which info is recived and transduced by the senses usually in a frcation of a second

• infernce
• thinking
• reasoning

to deveop new thoughts from old info

• identifying alternate cours of action
• identifying approproiate criteria for considering alternative
• assessing alternatives by criteria
• summarzinf info
• evaluating

rules of thumd, general strategies or principles- barrier to good decision making

a thoery of decison making that says that ads can logically make choices but that they often rely upon intution and short term beenfits

• level one- naive realist
• level 2- defensive realist
• level 3- dogmatist or skeptical
• level 4- post skeptical rationalism

belive that there are abosulte univeral truths

belive theier are absolute truths but people are biased

cling to one beleif

those who reject rationality

 the bleif that truth is constructed but the some belifs are more valid than others

an apprach to cognitve deveopemtn that focuses on the measurment of knowldged and thinking ability.

• idela slev
• possible self
• hopre for sleves
• expected sleves
• efeared seleves

an explanation for delinquency based on the need for troubled youths to enchance thier self esteem.

• temporal perspective vs. time confusion
• self certainity vs. self consciousness
• role experimentation vs. role fixation
• apprenticeship vs. work paralysis
• sexual polarization vs. bisexual cnifsuoons

• identity diffused
• forclosure
• moratorium
• identity achieved

 ads. who have not experience a criis and explored meaninful alternatives or made any commitment to do so

establishing an identify wtihuot looking serahc or exploration

one based on rejecting parental and socital values

a period in time when ads who are involved in continual crsis who contune to searhc but have made no commitment

identity control system that consist of 2 interpersonal and 3 intrapersonal componets. The interperonsal are spcial bheavior and....

acculturation- the adjustment of minorty groups to a cultre of the dominat group

• separation
• assimilation
• integration
• marginality

blended bicultrualism ( commonalities) and alternaing biculturalism and fusion