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2 names of drugs?
- generic name
- registered trade names
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Solution methods of administration?
- multidose- 4-6 weeks, preservatives, cost effective, allergies, contamination
- minims- single dose, no preservatives, no contamination, no allergies
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Impregnated paper strip method of administration?
- activated with soln
- used once+discarded
- eliminates cross contam
- cost effective
- no preservatives
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Ointment method of administration
- oily base-sticks to cornea
- cant see
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Adverse reactions to drugs?
- side effects
- allergic reaction
- idiosyncratic reaction
- contraindication
- drug interaction
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Px factors when administering drugs?
- age- dose differences
- iris colour- add more in pigmented
- health-
- psych-
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mydriasis is controlled by which part of the ANS
SNS
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Miosis is controlled by which part of the ANS?
PNS
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What do topical anaesthetics do?
- applied to eye to produce reversilbe blockage of the corneal and conjunctival sensory nerves
- increases corneal permeability- enhances transport of subsequently applied drugs through cornea- loosens tight junctions
- loss of corneal blink reflex- corneal trauma
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When can you NOT use topical anesthetics on the eye?
- corneal damage
- allergy
- hypersensitivity
- emotional instability
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Where should the topical anesthetic be applied on the eye?
- lower palpebral sac
- NOT cornea- may enhance toxic reaction
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What are the 2 classes of drugs that cause mydriais?
- Parasymptholytics
- sympathomimetics
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What do parasympolytic drugs do to the eye"?
- antagonisitic action on muscarinic receptors on
- sphincter papillae and ciliary muscle
- causes both mydriasis and cyclo
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What do sympathomimetic drugs do to the eye?
- stimulates dilator papillae muscle
- causes mydriasis without cyclo
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Contraindications of mydriatic drugs?
- IOLs
- driving
- narrow angle
- previous 4
- pupil block
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What are some adverse reactions of mydriatics?
- photophobia
- stinging
- syncope
- systemic side effects
- blurred vision
- angle closure glaucoma
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What percentage dose of mydriacyl is used in blue/brown eyes and max dilation?
- 0.5%
- 1.0%
- 1.0%+2.5% phenylephrine
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What are the uses of miotics?
- eye constriction
- closed angle glaucoma attack
- reverse cyclopegics
- may cause transient myopia-ciliary spasm
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How does fluoroscein work?
- stains tight junctions
- poor lipid solubility- does not penetrate intact cell membranes
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How does a cobalt blue filtered light work to show staining?
fluoroscein dye absorbs energy frmo visible light at a lower wavelength and re-emits it at a higher wavelength
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What are the uses of fluoroscein strips?
- Tonometry
- Assessing the integrity of the cornea/anterior eye
- Diagnosis of dry-eye
- Ritting RGP contact lenses
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How does rose bengal staining work?
- stains degenerate cells and their nuclei
- will hence locate damages and devitalised cells in the cornea and conjunctiva.
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What are the uses of rose bengal staining?
- used for the diagnosis of dry eye
- will cuase a little stinging when applied
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