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What is the Liver?
- Largest glandular organ in the body
- Has regenerative powers (replace damaged or disease cells)
- Has a dual blood supply
- Hepatic artery
- heatoportal vein
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What are the functions of the Liver
- Maintains blood flucose levels
- stores excess iron
- stores fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, K, but not E[adipose tissue])
- Synthesizes plasma proteins
- synthesizes clotting factos
- detoxifications
- bile production
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What is the Gallbladder?
- A small, sac-like structure under the liver
- stores and concentrates bile continually secreted by the liver
- Release of bile via cystic duct to common hepatic duct is corrdinated with apperance of fats in duodenum
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When doese liver dysfunction occur?
when chronic liver cell damage cannot repair and fibrous tissue replaces hepatocytes
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What is Jaundice
- Yellow or organge coloration of the skin, mucus, and/or eyes
- Caused by a build-up of bilrubin, a byproduct of old RBCS
- Bilifubin is secreted in the bile and excreted in the feces
- Jaundice is not a disease
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What causes too many RBC retiring for liver to handle leading to excess bilirubin production
- Liver dysfunction
- Blockage of common bile duct
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What are cuases of Juandice
- Hepatic tumors obstruct either intrhepatic or extrahepatic biliary ducts
- gallstones in ductal system comprising cystic duct, common bile duct, or pancreatic duct
- congential defect
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Regardless of cause Impeded bile flow leads to bile leaking into blood with bilirubin coloring the plasma producing:
- Darker Colored Urine
- Lighter colored (Clay-colored) Stools
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Regardless of the cause Complication of gallbladder or bile ducts caused by
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Regardless of the cause lack of bile interfers with
- Fat digestion and absorbtion
- Fat-soluable vitamin absoption and deficiencies
- Indicative of liver diseases such as hepatitis or cirrhosis
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Viatmin A Deficiency
vision impariments
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Viatmin D Deficiency
Skeletal abnormalities
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Viatmin E Deficiency
RBC hemoloysis
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Viatmin K Deficiency
excessive bleeding
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Causes Inflmation of the liver include
- Immunologic damage - Autoimune hepatitis
- Infections-Microorganistiom - Bateria, Parasites, Viruses (Hep A-E)
- Toxic Damage - Alcohol, Poisonous mushrooms, medications
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Symptoms of Inflamation of the Liver include
- Abnormal Pain or distention
- Male Gynecomastia
- Dark Urine
- Light or clay-colored stools
- Fatigue
- Juandice
- Loss of appetite
- Low-grade fever
- Nausea and vomiting
- Weight loss
- General itching
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Test and Diagnoisis for inflamation of the liver
- Physical examination
- Labatory examination
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Common risk factors for inflamation of the liver
- Intervanous drug users
- risky sexual behavoirs
- traveling to areas with high infection rates
- Exposure to family member who recently had hep A
- Using or abusing alcohol
- Organ transplant reciepent
- Blook transhussion before 1990
- Maternal transmission
- Healthcare worker
- Receivening acupunture, body piercing or tatoo
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