Haversian system, or ________ is the structural unit of compact bone.
osteon
ESSAY! 5 of the 8 bone diseases.
Rickets- insufficient calcium, vitamin D deficient- soft bones- bowed legs, deformities of pelvis, skull, rib cages.
Paget Disease-excessive bone formation and breakdown- high ratio of woven to compact bone- spotty weakening of bone.
osteomaletis=inflamation from bacteria infection
osteoma=benign bone tumor in flat bones
osteochondroma=benign tumor of bone and cartilage, forms bone spurs
Osteosarcoma- most deadly bone cancer
Osteogenesis Imperfecta- brittle bones
Achondroplastic(Dwardism)
The ________ are weight-bearing, column-like matrix tubes composed of collagen connected to each other by ________.
lamella, canaliculi
What are the Haversian?
Central canals that contain blood vessels and nerves.
What are the channels lying at right angles to the central canal, connecting blood and nerve supply of the periosteum to that of the Haversian canal?
Lamella
mesenchyme
Volkmann's canals
Volkmann's canals
The _________ are hairlike canals that connect the lacunae to each other and the central canal.
canaliculi
Volkmann's canals
Sharpey's fibers
canaliculi
The ________ is the double layered protective membrane of the bone.
matrix
periosteum
mesenchyme
Periosteum
Osteogenic cells or stem cells that develop from _______.
osteoblasts
fibroblasts
osteoclasts
fibroblasts
The outer fibrous layer is which connective tissue?
Dense regular
Dense irregular
Areolar
dense regular
The _____ is a delicate membrane covering internal surfaces of bone.
Endosteum
periosteum
Endosteum
The inner osteogenic layer is composed of _______ and ________.
osteoblasts
osteoclasts
______ bone is honeycomb like trabeculae filled with yellow bone marrow.
spongy
______ marrow, Hematopoietic tissue produces red blood cells and is found in nearly every bone ina child.
Red
_____ marrow is fat-filled medullary cavities in all long bones of adults.
yellow
Red marrow is limited to the skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, part of the pelic girdle, and proximal heads of the femur and humerus.
True/false
True
What are osteoblasts?
(builders) Bone forming cells found in endosteum and periosteum
Osteogenic cells are?
stem cells that develop from fibroblasts and give rise to other bone cells. Found in endosteum and central canals.
What are osteocytes?
Mature bone cells trapped in lacunae
What are osteoclasts?
(crushers) large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix originating from stem cells.
Long bones consist of a __________ and a _______.
diaphysis, epiphysis
What is a diaphysis?
Tubular shafts that form the axis of long bones. compact bone surrounding the medullary cavity, containing yellow bone marrow.
What is the epiphyses?
Expanded end of long bones, exterior compact bone, interior is spongy bone. Joint surface covered with articular (hyaline) cartilage.
The _________ ____ separates the diaphysis from the epiphyses.
epiphyseal line
The axis of the long bone is the _____.
diaphysis
epiphyses
Mature bone cells called __________, are found in the lacunae of compact bone.
osteoblast
osteocytes
osteoclast
osteocytes
Bone tissue comprised of trabeculae is called ____ bone.
spongy
Compact bone consists of ______.
osteons
_____ refers to the spongy bone structure (or tissue) of the internal part of short, irregular, and flat bones.
Diploe
collagenous fibers that secure the periosteum to the underlying bone.
Sharpey's fibers
A thin plate or layer of tissue, particularly those found in spongy bone, are called:
lamellae
trabeculae
spicules
trabeculae
________ are the layers of matrix within the trabeculae.
spicules
lamellae
diploe
lamellae
Trabeculae are found in spongy bone.
true/false
true
Calcium and phosphate are used to form bone matrix.
True/false
true
Vitamin D is produced by the skin, liver, and kidneys in sequential order.
true/false
true
epiphyseal plate is found between the ______ and ______ in youth and is the site of bone elongation.
epiphysis, diaphysis
What is Hydroxyapatites?
mineral salts, 65% of bone mass, mostly calcium phosphates.
Periosteum is composed of ____ _______ connective tissue.
Dense regular
The ________ is supplied with nerve fibers, blood, and lymphatic vessels via the nutrient _____.
periosteum, foramina
Intramembranous ossification:
put in order.
1. mesenchyme (embryonic connective tissue condenses into a layer of soft tissue, cells differentiate into osteogenic cells and network of trabeculae
2. Trabeculae at surface continue to calcify form compact bones.
3. Osteoblasts continue to deposit minerals, bony trabeculae produced.
4. Osteogenic cells become osteoblasts, trapped osteoblasts become osteocytes. Mesenchyme forms periosteum.
1, 4, 3, 2
1. mesenchyme (embryonic connective tissue condenses into a layer of soft tissue, cells differentiate into osteogenic cells and network of trabeculae
4. Osteogenic cells become osteoblasts, trapped osteoblasts become osteocytes. Mesenchyme forms periosteum.
3. Osteoblasts continue to deposit minerals, bony trabeculae produced.
2. Trabeculae at surface continue to calcify form compact bones.
Endochondral ossification:
1. Bone collar from chondrocytes of hyaline cartilage into osteoblasts.
2. form primary ossification center- cavitation of hyaline cartilage.
3. invasion of internal cavities by the periosteal bud (blood and stem cells), spongy bone
4. Formation of medullary cavity; secondary ossification centers in the epiphyses.
Calcitonin (secreted by thyroid gland) stimulates ____ ____ deposits in bone.
calcium salts
Calcitonin inhibits ____ and stimulates ________.
osteoclasts, osteoblasts
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) signals ________ to degrade bone matrix and release Ca2+ into the blood.
osteoclasts
Teh epiphyseal plate activity is stimulated by ____ ______ in infancy and childhood.
