-
Uses for Metronidazole
GET GAP on the metro
- Giardia
- Entamoeba
- Trichomonas
- Gardnerella vaginalis
- Anaerobes
- H. Pylori
-
Complex associated with Wilm's tumor
WAGR
- Wilms tumor
- Aniridia(no iris)
- Genitourinary malformation
- Retardation
-
-
-
-
Maintenance Dose
Css x CL
-
Cholimimetic agents
Direct agonists
Bethanechol- postop ileus and urinary retention - Carbachol- Glaucoma, pupillary contraction, and dec IOP
- Pilocarpine- Potent stimulator of sweat, tears, saliva
- Methacholine- Diagnosis of asthma
- Indirect (anticholinesterases) Neostigmine- Postop ileus and urinary retention, myasthenia gravis, reversal of NMJ blockade
- Pyridostigmine- gets rid of myasthenia gravis
- Edrophonium- Dx of myasthenia gravis
- Physostigmine- Glaucoma, fixes atropine overdose
- Echothiophate- Glaucoma
-
Phase II metabolism in the liver
Acetylation, glucuronidation, sulfation
-> very polar, inactive metabolites
-
Cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty
McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
-
Cherry red spot on macula
Tay Sachs (ganglioside accumulation)
Niemann Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation)
central artery occlusion
-
Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia, but can conjugate to adduction.
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; b/l = multiple sclerosis, u/l = stroke)
-
Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syhillis
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
-
Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms
Gaucher's disease(glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
crinkled tissue paper on histology
-
Encapsulated bacteria
Some Killers Have Nice Shiny Bodies
- Strep pneumo
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae type B
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Salmonella
- group B strep
- Above have polysaccharide capsules
Bacillus anthracis has D-glutamate capsule
-
Spore forming bacteria
- Bacillus Anthracis
- Clostridium perfringens
- C. tetani
- B. cereus
- C. botulinum
- Coxciella burnetti
-
What is Giemsa stain used for
- Borrelia
- Plasmodium
- trypanosomes
- chlamydia
-
Obligate aerobes
Nagging Pests Must Breathe
- Nocardia
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Bacillus
-
Exposure to what needs passive immunity along with active immunity?
To Be Healed Real Rabidly
- Tetanus toxin
- Botulinum toxin
- HBV
- Rabies
- RSV
-
P450 Inibitors
PICK EGS
- Protease inhibitors
- Isoniazid
- Cimetidine
- Ketoconazole
- Erythromycin
- Grapefruit juice
- Sulfonamides
-
P450 INducers
- Carbamazepine
- Phenobarbital
- Phenytoin
- Rifampin
- Griseofulvin
-
Poluria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances
Fanconi's syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
-
Renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastoma, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma
von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor supressor gene mutation)
-
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (juvenile form: cardiomegaly)
exercise intolerance
Pompes disease (lysosomal glucosidase deficiency)
-
Short stature, inc incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
Fanconi's anemia (genetically inherited; often progresses to AML)
-
Smooth flat, moist white lesions on genitals
Condylomata lata (2nd syphilis)
-
Neurotransmitter changes seen with Anxiety
- Increased NEP
- Decreased GABA, serotonin
-
Neurotransmitter changes seen with Depression
Decreased NEP, serotonin, dopamine
-
Neurotransmitter changes seen with Alzheimers
Decreased ACh
-
Neurotransmitter changes seen with Huntingtons q
decreased GABA, ACh
-
Neural crest cell derivatives
- ANS
- dorsal root ganglia
- cranial nerves
- celiac ganglion
- melanocytes
- chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla
- parafollicular cells of thyroid
- Schwann cell
- Pic and arachnoid
- bones of skull
- odontoblasts
- aorticopulmonary septum
-
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
- Homer Wright rosettes
- (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, Ewing Sarcoma)
-
Buspirone
Stimulates 5-HT1A receptors
Clinical: Generalized anxiety disorder
Takes 2 weeks to have an effect
-
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Bone is replaced by fibroblasts, collagen and irregular bony trabeculae. Affects many bones.
-
Acantholysis
Separation of epidermal cells
Seen in Pemphigus vulgaris
-
What hormone uses the cAMP pathway?
- FSH
- LH
- ACTH
- TSH
- CRH
- hCG
- ADH (V2 receptor)
- MSH
- PTH
- calcitonin
- GHRH
- glucagon
- FLAT CHAMP
- a subunit common among these
-
What cells do not need insulin for glucose uptake
- Brain
- RBC
- Intestine
- Cornea
- Kidney
- Liver
BRICK L
-
What drug inhibits the formation of PRPP from ribose 5-P
PRPP synthetase is the enzyme
6-mercaptopurine is the drug inhibiting this enzyme
-
What binds the 30S subunit, preventing attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA
Tetracyclines
-
Antibiotics that binds 50S, blocking translocation
- Macrolides
- clindamycin
- linezolid
-
Call-Exner bodies
Small follicles filled with eosinophilic secretions
- Seen in Granulosa cell tumor-
- -> secretes estrogen -> precocious puberty in kids
- or endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma in adults
-
Drugs that cause gynecomastia
- Spironolactone
- Digitalis
- Cimetidine
- Alcohol
- Ketoconazole
Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers
also estrogen, marijuana, heroin, psychoactive drugs
-
Most common breast cancer
Invasive ductal carcinoma
Firm, fibrous, rock-hard mass with sharp margins and small glandular duct-like cells
Worst and most invasive
-
Drug reactions that cause seizures
- Bupropion
- imipenem/cilastatin
- isoniazid
- benzodiazepine and alcohol withdrawal
-
I cell disease
Failure of Golgi apparatus to add mannose-6-phosphate to lysosome proteins = secreted out of cell
- Coarse facial features
- clouded corneas
- restricted joint movements
- high plasma levels of lysosomal enzymes
-
Drugs that act on microtubules
- Mebendazole/thiabendazole
- Griseofulvin
- Vincristine/vinblastine
- Paclitaxel
- Colchicine
-
-
What areas of the brain are most susceptible to ischemia?
- Hippocampus
- neocortex
- cerebellum
- watershed areas
-
Menieres Disease
- vertigo
- tinitus
- hearing loss
-
Tanner stage 1 in girls
elevation of the papilla of the breast and pubic hair consisting of fine villus hair
-
Free nerve endings
- C- slow, unmyelinated fibers
- Adelta- fast myelinated fibers
All skin, epidermis, some viscera
Sense Pain and temperature
|
|
