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- St. Denis
- Era: Early Gothic, dedicated in 1144
- Location: near Paris, France
- Techniques:
- new west facade with sculptured portals
- sexpartite ceiling
- alternating support system
- ribs between groin vaults
- 4 modules long
- apsidal chapels
- groin vaulted chapels with pointed arches
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- Ambulatory of St. Denis
- Era: Early Medieval, 1140-1144
- Location: near Paris, France
- Techniques:
- string of chapels with luminous windows
- each vaulted ceiling has a division of 5
- very skeletal
- pointed arches
- thicker rib between groin vaults
- thinner columns
- less wall, more ribs and columns
- stained glass windows everywhere dematerialized the wall
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- Royal West Portals of Chartres Cathedral
- Era: Early Gothic, 1145-1170
- Location: Chartres, France
- Techinques:
- named for the figures on the jambs - kings and queens of France representing the ancestors of Christ
- archivolts on right are allegories of the seven female liberal arts and their male champions - core of Medieval learning - true faith only achieved through gaining knowledge
- 3 portals unite iconographically and visually
- capitals are the scenes from the life of Christ and create one frieze
- left tympanum - the ascension of Christ - Christ is in a mandorla flanked by angels
- in archivolts are signs of the zodiac and months
- central tympanum - second coming of Chirst, merciful image, salvation not damnation, surrounded by four evangelists and he sits on a lintel of the apostles
- right tympanum - Christ enthroned with Theotokos
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- Jamb Statues of Chartres Cathedral
- Era: Early Gothic
- Location: Chartres, France
- Techniques:
- Old Testament kings and queens support all the New Testament figures above them
- wearing 12th century clothing
- royalty of France
- they carry symbols of secular and biblical authority
- figures are columner, attached to columns not caryotids
- little sense of body contour
- deeply undercut folds
- irregularly of folds - used real models to sculpt from and done by different artist maybe
- highly stylized faces with fixed gazes
- Romanesque elongated proportions echos the column behind them
- pedestals differ
- figures in capitals are squat
- represents the concept of trying to enter the viewers space, emerging from the plane and creating a new sense of naturalism
- kindly human features
- more specific portraiture of individuals
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- Laon Cathedral
- Era: Early Gothic, 1160-1200
- Location: Laon, France
- Techniques:
- rose window
- deep porches
- pen structured towers
- framed voids in walls
- three registers on front facade
- three large portals capped by gables
- sexpartite ceiling
- wider nave
- buttressing
- six ribs and vaulted gallery above the aisles-
- nave arcade, vaulted gallery, triforium, and clerestory windows dematerialize the walls
- clerestory windows have pointed arches - lancets
- triforium is a blind arcade that projects a little from the wall, below clerestory windows
- alternating support system, alternating compound (5) then simple (3) pier
- 80ft tall inside
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- Laon Cathedral
- Era: Early Gothic, 1160-1200
- Location: Laon, France
- Techniques:
- rose window
- deep porches
- pen structured towers
- framed voids in walls
- three registers on front facade
- three large portals capped by gables
- sexpartite ceiling
- wider nave
- buttressing
- six ribs and vaulted gallery above the aisles
- nave arcade, vaulted gallery, triforium, and clerestory windows dematerialize the walls
- clerestory windows have pointed arches - lancets
- triforium is a blind arcade that projects a little from the wall, below clerestory windows
- alternating support system, alternating compound (5) then simple (3) pier
- 80ft tall inside
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- Laon Cathedral
- Era: Early Gothic, 1160-1200
- Location: Laon, France
- Techniques:
- rose window
- deep porches
- pen structured towers
- framed voids in walls
- three registers on front facade
- three large portals capped by gables
- sexpartite ceiling
- wider nave
- buttressing
- six ribs and vaulted gallery above the aisles
- nave arcade, vaulted gallery, triforium, and clerestory windows dematerialize the walls
- clerestory windows have pointed arches - lancets
- triforium is a blind arcade that projects a little from the wall, below clerestory windows
- alternating support system, alternating compound (5) then simple (3) pier
- 80ft tall inside
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- Notre Dame
- Era: Early Gothic, 1215
- Location: Paris, France
- Techniques:
- 107ft tall inside
- gables do not extend beyond their register
- row of kings in between portals and rose window
- sculpture of Mary in front or rose window
- ballistrade of free-standing columnettes above rose windows that go all the way across the facade
- flying buttresses added later- rose window on transept
- Latin cross plan
- 5 aisle church
- groin vault in gallery
- double flying buttresses strengthened the building
- originally had 4 part elevation (nave, gallery, stained glass oculi, clerestory lancet) but remodeled to 3 part (reduced masonry and made bigger clerestories with two lancets and a rose windows)
- sexpartite ceiling
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- Notre Dame
- Era: Early Gothic, 1215
- Location: Paris, France
- Techniques:
- 107ft tall inside
- gables do not extend beyond their register
- row of kings in between portals and rose window
- sculpture of Mary in front or rose window
- ballistrade of free-standing columnettes above rose windows that go all the way across the facade
- flying buttresses added later
- rose window on transept
- Latin cross plan
- 5 aisle church
- groin vault in gallery
- double flying buttresses strengthened the building
- originally had 4 part elevation (nave, gallery, stained glass oculi, clerestory lancet) but remodeled to 3 part (reduced masonry and made bigger clerestories with two lancets and a rose windows)
- sexpartite ceiling
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- Notre Dame
- Era: Early Gothic, 1215
- Location: Paris, France
- Techniques:
- 107ft tall inside
- gables do not extend beyond their register
- row of kings in between portals and rose window
- sculpture of Mary in front or rose window
- ballistrade of free-standing columnettes above rose windows that go all the way across the facade
- flying buttresses added later
- rose window on transept
- Latin cross plan
- 5 aisle church
- groin vault in gallery
- double flying buttresses strengthened the building
- originally had 4 part elevation (nave, gallery, stained glass oculi, clerestory lancet) but remodeled to 3 part (reduced masonry and made bigger clerestories with two lancets and a rose windows)
- sexpartite ceiling
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- Chartres Cathedral
- Era: High Gothic, 1194
- Location: Chartres, France
- Techniques:
- rectangular nave bays replace the square bays
- alternating support system
- nave is a vast continuous hall because the bays are so squeezed, unifying the ceiling
- cathedral designed to have flying buttresses
- 118ft tall
- "bread and butter towers" French citizens gave up bread and butter to rebuild towers after the church burne
- 4 part vault system
- 3 part elevation, nave arcade, triforium, stained glass clerestory windows (double lancets crowned by an oculus)
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- Chartres Cathedral
- Era: High Gothic, 1194
- Location: Chartres, France
- Techniques:
- rectangular nave bays replace the square bays
- alternating support system
- nave is a vast continuous hall because the bays are so squeezed, unifying the ceiling
- cathedral designed to have flying buttresses
- 118ft tall
- "bread and butter towers" French citizens gave up bread and butter to rebuild towers after the church burned
- 4 part vault system
- 3 part elevation, nave arcade, triforium, stained glass clerestory windows (double lancets crowned by an oculus)
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- Chartres Cathedral
- Era: High Gothic, 1194
- Location: Chartres, France
- Techniques:
- rectangular nave bays replace the square bays
- alternating support system
- nave is a vast continuous hall because the bays are so squeezed, unifying the ceiling
- cathedral designed to have flying buttresses
- 118ft tall
- "bread and butter towers" French citizens gave up bread and butter to rebuild towers after the church burned
- 4 part vault system
- 3 part elevation, nave arcade, triforium, stained glass clerestory windows (double lancets crowned by an oculus)
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- Rose Window and Lancets of Chartres Cathedral
- Era: High Gothic, 1220
- Location: Chartres, France
- Techniques:
- 34 ft in diameter
- royal motifs of yellow castles on red backgrounds
- yellow fleur de lis
- virgin and child enthroned in the middle
- resembles cloisonne broach
- intricate stone tracery holds glass in place
- lead tracery separates tiny pieces- goal is to eliminate all masonry
- four doves and eight angels around Mary
- 12 square panels that contain images of the Old Testament kings
- below are lancets of St. Ann and baby Mary flanked by more of Christs ancestors
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- St. Martin, St. Jerome, and St. Gregory
- Era: High Gothic, 1220-1230
- Location: Porch of the Confessors, Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France
- Techniques:
- south transept
- Jerome links the people to the church
- Martin symbolically stands for church, gaunt features
- Gregory is lost in thought as he listens go the holy spirit on his shoulder
- individuality in faces
- less columner still standing on pedestals
- pedestals are animals symbolically linked to them
- play of the light and shadow on softer garments, realistic
- no body contour, focus on fall of drapery
- halos behind heads
- canopies over heads
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