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disinfection
- a treatment used on inanimate objects to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganismsÂ
- kills vegetative (not endospores)
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sterilization
the removal of all microorganisms including endospores
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pasteurization
the process of mild heating to kill particular spoilage microorganisms or pathogens
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sanitation
removal of microbes from eating utensils and food prep areas
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antisepsis
chemical method for disinfection of the skin or mucous membranes
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germicide/ biocide
substance capable of killing microorganisms
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virucide
an agent (physical or chemical) that inactivates or destroys viruses
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thermal death point
lowest temp to kill bact. in liquid suspension in 10 min
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thermal death time
minimal time to kill bact in particular liquid culture at given temp
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decimal reduction time
time (minutes) to kill 90% of bact at a given temp
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L T L T (low temperature- long time) pasteurization
63 C, 30 min
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H T S T ( high temperature- short time) pasteurization
72 C, 15 seconds
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U H T ( ultra high temperature) pasteurization
140 C, 3 seconds
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silver nitrate
eye treatment for newborns
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mercuric chloride
disinfectant, no longer used
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copper sulfate
- control green algae in pools, stock ponds, et.
- toxic to small organisms, including fish
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zinc chloride
in mouthwashes
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Vertical Gene transfer
- organism to offspring
- binary fussion
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Horizontal gene transfer
organism to another oranism of the same generation
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sex pili
protein structures used by bacteria for transferring DNA during bacterial conjugation
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bacteriocin
antibiotic-like substances that kill closely related bacteria
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Toxins
E. coli strains and many others
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RTF (resistance transfer factor)
carry genes for antibiotic or drug resistance
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E. coli (or other bacteria)
prokaryote
-
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Vaccinia viruce ( for Vaccines)
virus
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stromatolites
began growing about 3000 years ago
-
filamentous prokaryotes
first existed ~3.5 billion years ago
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genus
groups of related species
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