Criminal Process Exam 1

• Law & Punishment
• -punishment needed but only justification is deterrence
• -must be porpotionate to crime
• -swift (quick)
• -certain (always happen)
• -least amount of punishment possible

• offender-every act has utiility 
• seek to maximize pleasure over pain
• hedonistic calculus
• to deter make pain of punishment greater than plesure of crime
• panopticon

• sheriff in England
• P.O.W. in 1774
• practitioner

circular prison design that intimidates the prisoner by being constantly observes

• panopticon design
• quakers
• abanded in 1826

panopticon design

• adopted Quaker code
• cells in walnut st. jail (Philadephia 1790)
• based on solitary confinement and prayer

• Quaker code 
• belief that criminals could be changed

• Western State Penn. abonded in 1826
• Eastern State Penn 1829 (first real prison)
• based on solitary confinment, hard work
• to produce a better person

• 1819
• Labor vs competitive labor
• state use system
• prison use
• geared toward the future

based on quaker code but stopped in 1822 because of insanity and suicide

• Auburn warden in 1831
• created congregate system

• coming together for dining,work,outside
• wearing prison stripes
• lock step
• SILENT

• founded by Macanochie in Norfolk (warden)
• aimed towards young offenders

• 1876
• treat prisoner in a way that lets them know they can change
• end fixed sentences

• superintendant
• for offenders ages 16-30
• should be more like school
• give skills, education,discipline

• 1890-1930s
• set political tone within CJ system
• positivist school of crim.

• crime is not the result of free will but from forces indiv. can't control
• criminals can be treated to lead a crime free life
• treatment must be individualized, case by case approach

• Rehabilitation treatment
• patuxlent Institution Maryland 1955
• medcine/surgery
• genetics research

• trying to forbid criminals from reproducing 
• Competitons for awards for good birth

• 1960s
• to prepare individuals for re-entry into society
• bad timing

• 1970s
• "nothing works"
• fixed sentences retuen
• death penalty
• 3 strike rule
• politics get in the way

• punishment
• making the person pay for whay they did (revenge)

• Classical School
• utility greater than punishment
• general-punishment serves as ex
• specific-fit punishment to get indiv. to deter
• system must work everytime

• detain criminals for reduction of crime
• selective-certain offenders recieve lengthy confinement

• rehab 
• lack of success maybe because of measurement,cotext,implementation or population

a determined sentence (10 years)

undetermined sentence (5-10 years)

• focus on the crime
• mandotory time imposed because of the act

• voluntary: suggestion
• presumptive: law (min & max)

• background of the judge (working,high class)
• celebrity of the case: high profile cases
• election year of judge
• presentence report: background of the offender
• diversion: connection with humans

• entry into corrections
• daily counts
• 3300 
• shire reeve jail in their homes & pay a fee system
• most are run by county sheriffs

• Rikers Island
• LA county

• pre dentention
• holds 15-40 ppl
• detainees have many needs such as substance abuse,medical and mental

• amount varies by crime
• cash bail- cash
• surety bond- use a bail bondsman for a fee of usually 10% interest

• release from jail with a promise to return 
• based on ties to the community

can't release because they might cause harm or pose a threat to the community

• minor offenses
• mental heath,drug,and homeless courts

• pod and modular design
• officers inside the pod 
• one room with a bunch of cells with interaction space

Low control:- Fines, day fines, probation, community punishment, ISP,jail, shock incaceration, prison-High Control

• base fine on income earned in a day
• based on offenders income & obligations

• pay $ equal to crime
• community service 

• reduced caseloads
• frequent check-ins & visits
• 70% violation

• visible punishment
• withholding in the home
• electronic monitoring- tether in MI

• concept capturig the most unsettling parts of punishments
• boot camp-special alternative incarceration, usually last 90 days, try hard not let them fail
• no underlying theory, lack of support after program

• issues with shock incarceration
• which programs are equal and how 
• bias against class and gender
• public information

• state- almost 1600
• federal 117

a term for the high rates of incaceration in the U.S

the multibilliondollar prison building boom where powerful bussinesses and politicians join together to profit from the corrections industry

law code issued during hummurabi reign over babylon includes lex talionis

• a congress in cincinati that progressive ideas about corrections
• Declaration of Principles

a combination of workhouse, poorhouse and reformatory which required all occupants to work

prison in which people found guilty of felonies are isolated from society

sentences imposed at the same time and served simultaneously

sentences imposed at the same time served one after the other

close connection between the imposed sentence and the actual time served

formalized preventive dentention provisions for those considered dangerous or unlikely to return to court

staff providing linear surveilance of inmates by controlling the corridors and observing the inmates in their cells

institute of justice program that provivded ROR releasefor elgible defendants

the process of admitting arrestee or sentenced misdemeanant to jail

staff use remote supervision as they remian in a secure control booth surrounded by pods or living areas

acts through which local gov. that participate recieve subsidies for diverting minor offenders from state prisons

houses of correction run by local authorities to teach habits of industry to idlers (labor)

sentance that delays conviction on a guilty plea until the sentenced offender has sucessfully served their probation term

a new approach in probation and other community based corrections that focuses on admin. control and regulation than on treatment and services.

to confiscate property used in law violationsn and remove illegally gained profits from violators

courts designed for non violent offenders with substance abuse issues

putting an inmate to death