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bm/formula exclusive until when?
4-6 months
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begin introducing solid foods when?
- 4-6 months
- extrusion reflex gone
- can sit up, balance coordination
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weight should double by?
6 months
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weight should triple by?
1 year
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pattern of introducing solid foods? (types of food)
cereal > veggies > fruits > meat
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milestones of 3 years old?
- - begin potty training
- - up & down stairs, alternating feet
- - imaginary friends
- - move from parallel to associative play
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should transition to associative play by when?
4 years
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biggest stage of "why?"
4 years
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solitary play is primary for what age group?
infants and toddlers. playing alone
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parallel play is during what age?
- toddlers.
- playing aside each other but no interaction
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associative play - what and when?
- end of toddler stage, moving into preschool age.
- playing with same toys, some talking
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cooperative play - what and when?
- late preschool, school age
- organized play with group goals. board games, etc
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what age is there a physiologic decrease in appetite?
toddler/preschooler. becoming more active, decreased growth rate
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only whole milk/ removal of bottle by what age?
toddler/preschool
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food jag?
repetitive eating. (mac& cheese every day); method of control
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rule of thumb for how much eating in one sitting?
1 tbsp for each year (4 years old; 4 tbsp)
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by what age does the child have full set of 20 teeth?
age 2
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first dentist visit around what age?
1 year
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rule of thumb for time out times?
one minute per year.
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highest incidence of poisoning occurs during what age range?
from 2 years to 6 years
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most common drug poisoning in children?
acetaminophen (Tylenol)
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school age child is what age group?
5 to 12 years
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teeth loss begins at what stage? average pattern of teeth loss?
school age (around 6). losing ~4/year
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height and weight increase during school age?
~2.5"/year and 5-7 lbs/year
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milestones of 6-12 years?
- sports and activities
- same-sex friends >> BFF!
- develop conscience
- should be able to read
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should have all 32 permanent teeth by what age?
12 years
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sex ed for 8-9 years?
basic anat/phys. expected changes for puberty
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sex ed for 10-12 years?
menstruation/nocturnal emissions, begin to introduce sex education such as STDs, teen pregnancy
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Erikson's theory > what type of development?
Psychosocial
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Piaget > what type of development?
Cognitive. how they learn
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Freud > what type of development?
psychosexual
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Kohlberg > what type of development? parallels who else's?
Moral. parallels Piaget's cognitive development
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autonomy vs. shame/doubt
stranger & separation anxiety
ritualism
negativism (no! no! no!)
what age group?
toddler.
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egocentrism, magical thinking, animism
piaget's preoperational stage
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freud: gender identity fully established by what age?
5
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freud's anal stage: how old?
enter at 18 months
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kohlberg's development ages 1-3
does not understand religion or morality.
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school age child - Erikson's theory?
industry vs. inferiority: success in personal/social tasks
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more flexible thinking, can perform mental operations, can take another person's perspective, mastering conservation
school age child - Piaget
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what age does a child believe an act is wrong due to punishment?
school age (7-12). Kohlberg
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forming self-concept & identity, aware of body image, sexuality. acquiring abstract reasoning
adolescence - Erikson
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older adolescents spiritual development?
becoming more abstract. figuring out own identity
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intiative vs guilt?
Erikson - accomplishment of tasks and goals
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trust vs mistrust what age?
infancy
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autonomy vs shame & doubt what age?
toddler
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intiative vs guilt what age?
preschool
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industry vs inferiority what age?
school age
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identity vs role confusion what age?
adolescent
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child is toilet training. which stage of Erikson?
autonomy vs shame/doubt
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initiative vs guilt...?
Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment. Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose. Children who try to exert too much power experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of guilt. (preschool)
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industry vs inferiority...?
entering school (new to the "industry"). ages 5 to 11. gain a sense of pride, develop confidence in their skills
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