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Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction is due to what hypersensitivity?
Type II H.S: Deposition of complement-mediated cell lysis due to ABO incompatibility.
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An infant present with a swelling in the neck, head is always placed sideways. Dx and cause?
Congenital torticollis due to intrauterine malposition
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Non-functional mutated proteins that are larger than the normal one is due to what type of mutation?
Splice site mutation
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What can affect a study if the researcher's beliefs in the efficacy of treatment affect the outcome?
Pygmalion effect
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A capillary hemangioma that is superficial, bright-red plaques which regresses spontaneously by 5-8 y.o. Thin-walled blood vessels with narrow lumens filled with blood and separated by C.T.
Strawberry hemangioma
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Small, bright red papules (raised lesions) that have dilated capillaries and post-capillary venules in the papillary dermis and do not regress. Occurs in adulthood.
Cherry hemangiomas
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Soft, blue compressible masses with large, dilated vascular spaces. Children or adults.
Cavernous hemangiomas
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Dilated lymphatic spaces lined by endothelium, most commonly occurs on the neck
Cystic hygromas - associated with Turners
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Dilated cutaneous arterioles presenting as a central papule with blanching capillaries
Spider angiomas (liver dz, preggos, and OCP use)
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Renal transplant, what two arteries are anastomosed?
Renal a. from donor kidney with external iliac a. from the transplanted kidney
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Which E.coli factor causes neonatal meningtis? Causes UTIs? Causes septic shock?
- K1 capsule
- Fimbriae
- Lipid A of lipopolysaccharide: common to all gram negatives.
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Pathogenesis of arthersclerotic plaques has what proliferative stimuli?
PDGF from platelets: migration and proliferation
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DIC causes a decrease in what levels?
- 1. fibrinogen
- 2. factor V and VIII
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TATA box binds what?
Transcription factors and RNA polymerase II
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Reproductive manifestations in Turner's syndrome?
- 1. absent or streaked ovaries: little C.T. with no or minimal follicles
- 2. primary amenorrhea
- 3. Normal external genitalia (no ambigous genitalia)
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Treatment of cyanide poisoning with nitroprusside?
Nitrates, and then thiosulfate: donates sulfur to promote conversion to thiocyanate.
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Long-term use of corticosteroids causes what skin damage?
Atrophy/thinning of the dermis associated with loss of dermal collagen, drying, cracking, tightening of the skin, telangiectasias, and echymoses.
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Tazobactam with piperacillin?
B-lactamase inhibitors: decreases the destruction of piperacillin
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Penicillins and aminoglycosides?
Synergism: penicillins inhibit peptidoglycan cell wall synthesis, and allow aminoglycosides to act on 30S ribosomal subunit.
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MoA of fibrinolytics? Adverse effect? C/I?
- Increases conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, increasing clot lysis.
- Reperfusion ischemia on arterial re-opening
- C/I = hemorhage or bleeding
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MoA of primary biliary cirrhosis?
- Autoimmune destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts and cholestasis.
- Anti-mitochondrial antibodies.
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Emphysema on lung x-ray?
Hyperlucency of the lungs and flattening of the diaphragm.
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