A AND P TEST 2

These are specialized cellular compartment or structures, each performing its own job to maintain the life of the cell

the control center of cells

This part of the cell carries the blue print of all protiens to be made.

This is located between the plasma membrane and nucleus.

what is the cytoplasm composed of

water with solutes(protein, salts, sugars, ect.

metabolic machinery of cell, each with specialized function, either membranous or nonmembranous

vary with cell type e.g. glycogen granules, pigments, lipid droplets, vacuoles, crystals

double membrane structures with inner shelflike cristae

provide most of cells ATP via aerobic cellular respiration

contain their own DNA, RNA, ribosomes

This requires O2

This organells is simular to bateria

This organelle is capable of cell division called fision

These are granules that caontain protein and rRNA

this is the site of protein synthesis

these synthesize saluble proteins that function in cystol or other organelles

this is attached to the rough er

these synthesize proteins to be incorporated into membranes, lysosomes or exported from the cell

interconnected tubes and parallel membranes enclosing cisterns

continouse with the outer nuclear membrane and has two varies

the external surface of this is studded with ribosomes

manufactures all secreted proteins

assembled protein more to this er and enclosed in vesicle, then goes to the gogi apparatus

network of tubes continous with rough er

its enzmes(integral protiens) funciton in lipid metabolism, cholesteral and steriod based hormone synthesis, making lipids of lipoproteins

absorption, synthesis, and transport of fats

detox of drugs c some pesticides, carcinogenic chemicals

converting glycogen to free flucose

storage and release of calcium

stacked and flattened membranous sacs

modifies, concentrates and packages proteins and lipids form rough er

transport vessels from er fuse with convex cis face, proteins modiffied, tagged form dilivery, sorted, packaged in vesicles

how many diff vesicles bud form concave trans face of golgi

this vesicle is release from golgi and export protiens by exocytosis

these vesicles contain digestive enzymes and remain in the cell

this vesicles from golgi are for plasma membran or organelles

these vecicles digest ingested bacteria, viruses and toxins

this vesiclesdegrade nonfunctional organelles

these vesicles are part of the metobolic function to break down and release glycogen

these vesicles break down bone and release ca

the lysosomes work in a process to break down cells in injured or nonuseful tissue called

this system all over function is to produce, degrade, store, and export molecules, and degrade potentially harmfull substances

this system includes er, golgi, secretory vesicles, lysosomes, nuclear and plasma membrane

this is located between plasma membrane and nucleus

this is composed of cytosol, organelles, and inclusions

this is the water with solutes-proteins, salts, sugars, ect. inside the cells membrane

this is an elaborate series of rods throughout cyosol, proteins link rods to other cell structures

this includes microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

the thinnest of cytoskeletoal element, dynamic strands of protein actin

dense web attached to cyoplasmic side of plasma membrane - terminal web, it gives strength, compression and resisitance

involved in cell motility, change in shape, endocytosis and exocytosis

these are tough, insoluble, ropelike protein fibers

composed of tetramer fibrils

resisit pulling forces on cell, attach to desmosomes, e.g.neurofilaments in nerve cells, keratin filaments in epithelial cells

largest of cytoskeletal elements, dynamic hollow tubes, most radiate from centrosome

composed of protein subunits called tubulins, determin overall shape of cell and distribution of organesses, mitochondria, lysosomes, secretory vesicles attach to this and move through out cell by motor proteins

protein complexes that funciton in motitly and powered by atp. e.g. movement of organelles and contraction

these organelles are near the cell center by the nucleus

these organelles generates microtubules, organizes mitiotic spindle

these organeles form the basis of cilia and flagella

these are whip like extensions on the surface of certain cells

these extentions move substances across cell surfaces

this extension moves the entire cell

the flagella is on what cell

centrioles extentions form the base of what

this structues movments alternate between power stroke and recovery stroke

minute fingerlike extensions of plasma membrane

this increases the surface area for absorption

core of actin filaments for stiffening

the largest organelle

are mose cells multinucleated

which cells are multinucleate

which cell are anucleate

involved in rRNA synthesis and ribosome subunit assembly

associated with nucleolar organizer region contains DNA coding for rRNA

structural and functional unit of life

organismal functions depend on individual and conllective cell function, biochemical activites of cells dictated by their shape or forms, and specific subcellular structures, continuity of life has cellular basis

t or f all cells have some common structures and functions
True False

what are the three basic parts of the human cell

this has a lipid bilayer and proteins in constantly changing fluid mosaic

this plays a dynamic role in cellular activity and it separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid

hydrophilic means

hydrophobic means

this helps increase the membrane stability and is 20% of cell membrane

this is the part of the cell membrane that allows communitcation with the outside enviroment and is 1/2 the mass of the membrane

some of these proteins are tethered to intracellular structures and some float free

this protein is fimly inserted into membran and most are transmembrane

this protein has a hydrophobic and hydrophilic region. it can interact with lipid tails and water

this proteins functions is to transport stuff through the cell membrane - channels and carriers, enzymes or receptors

this proteins are loosly attached to integral proteins

these proteins include filaments on intracellular surface for membrane support, function as enzymes, motor proteins for shape chane during cell divsion and muscle contractio, cell to cell connections

what are the six function of the membrane proteins

the sugar covering at the cell surface - lipids and prteins with attached carbohydrates (sugar groups)

t or f every cell has a differnet patterens of sugars
True False

specific biological markers for cell to cell recognition

allows immune system to recognize self and non self

cancerous cells chang it continuously

what are the free cells

what are the three ways cells are bound together