Finance 201

A financial claim on an asset that is usually documented by some form of legal representation

represents an actual tangible asset that may be seen, felt, held, or collected

represents ownership interests and include common stock as well as other instruments that can be used to purchase common stock, such as warrants and options

aquired through placing funds in investment companies (such as a mutual fund)

represented by debt instruments offered by financial institutions, industrial corporations, or the government. 

measured by the ability of the investor to convert an investment into cash within a realtively short time at its fair market value or with a minium capital loss on the transaction

Measures the risk of a security relative to the market. Stocks with beta greater than 1 have more risk than the market, stocks with beta less than 1 have less risk than markets.

Return investors require for allowing others to use their money for a given period. Value determined before inflation is included in the calculation.

(1+real rate)(1+expected rate of inflation)-1

risk free rate + risk premium

Works with the public in advising and excuting orders for individual or instituional accounts.

Studies various industires and companies and provide research reports to their clientele.

Primarily distributes securities from the issuing corporation to the public. Advise corporate clients on their financial strategy and may help to arrange mergers and acquisitions. Performs underwriting.

Solves the investment and tax problems of the individual investor.

Way of exchanging assets, usually cash, for something of value.

Prices respond quickly to new information, when each successive trade is made at a price close to the preceding price, and when the market can absorb large amounts of securities or assets without changing the price significantly.

Markets for existing assets that are currently traded between investors. These markets create prices and allow for liquidity.

Flow of funds between the market participants. Participants buy their assets directly from the source of the asset.

Investment banking firms share the risk and the burden of distribution during underwriting.

Bringing private companies public for the first time.

Automatically match buy and sell orders at specified prices.

• 1. All offerings except government bonds and bank stocks that are to be sold in more than one state must be registered with the SEC.
• 2. Registration statement must be filed 20 days in advance of the date of sale.
• 3. All new issues must be accompanies by a prospectus.
• 4. Officers of the company and other experts preparing the prospectus or registration statement can be sued for penalties and recovery or realized losses if any information presented was fradulent or factually wrong or if relevant information was omitted.

• 1. Guidelines for insider trading were established.
• 2. Fed became responsible for setting margin rate
• 3. Manipulation of securities by conspiracies between investors prohibited.
• 4. 10K must be filed.
• 5. All securities exchanges to register with SEC.

SEC to supervise securities market.

Computer based trigger points established in which large volume trades are initiated by instituional investors.

Shut down the market for a period of time if there is a dramatic drop in stock prices.

Allows the investor to borrow a percentage of the purchase price from the brokerage firm. It is set by the Federal Reserve. Currently 50% since 1974.

Purchase security for the account

Profit from the expected decline in a security.

Limits the price at which you are willing to buy or sell

Placed at a specific price, but when the price is reached, turns into a market order.

Next best price to buy or sell.

Price weighed average of 30 large industrial comapnies and is considered a blue chip index (stocks of high quality).

Standard and Poor 500 index is value weighted index, which means each company is weighted in the index by its own total market value as a percentage of the total market value for all firms.

Goverments taxing and spending policies

Money supply and interest rates set by Federal Reserve to adjust economic goals.

Percentage of total deposits that a bank must hold as cash in its vault or as deposits in Federal Reserve Banks

Interest rate the Federal Reserve charges commercial banks on very short term loans.

Fed buys and sells US government securities for its own portfolio.

Measures output from US factories and consumption within the United States only. 

Change direction in advance of general business conditions. Stock prices, initial claims for unemployment insurance, consumer sentiment.

Macro economic view to the individual company.

Starts from individual company then moves to economy.

Created because of economic growth, competition, availability of resources, and the resultant market saturation by the particular goods and services offered.

Development stage, Growth stage, Expansion stage, Maturity stage, Decline stage.