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Anion
An atom that has gained electrons
when an atom gains electrons ot becomes negatively charged
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catalyst
a substance or substances added to a reaction to alter it's rate
or change the speed of the reaction
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molecule
a combination of two or more atoms
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formula
a group of symbols that represent all the elements present in a compound or molecule
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ion
a "changed" atom
it has either a positive or negative charge
the atom must have either lost or gained electrons
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Ionization
the breaking apart of a compound into ions when placed in solution
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cation
an atom that has lost electrons
when an atom loses electrons it becomes positively charged
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polyatomic ion
radical
a charged group of atoms that stay together and act as a single unit in chemical reactions
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ionic bond
the transfer of electrons from one atom to another
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covalent bond
the sharing of electrons between combining atoms
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single covalent bond
when two electrons or one pair of electrons are being shared
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double covalent bond
when four electrons or two pair of electrons are being shared
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triple covalent bond
when six electrons or three pair of electrons are being shared
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Oxidation
- 1. addition of oxygen
- 2. an increase in oxidation number
- 3. a loss of electrons
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slow oxidation
the oxidation of a substance at a relatively low temperature
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rapid oxidation
the oxidation of a substance at a relatively high temperature
occurs when the kindling point of a substance is reached
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decay
the slow oxidation of organic matter by aerobic bacteria
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kindling point
the temperature at which a substance bursts into flame producing heat and light
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combustion
rapid oxidation
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putrefaction
the slow oxidation of organic matter by anaerobic bacteria
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reactants
the substance or substances behind the arrow of the equation
they are what are going through the reaction or "reacting"
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products
found in front of the arrow
"yielded or produced" by the reactants
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oxidation number
the electrical charge formed when an atom loses or gains electrons
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diatomic molecules
elements found in nature that form molecules with themselvs in order to be stable
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a "charged" ato is called
an ion
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a charged group of atoms that stay together and act as a single unit in a chemical reaction is what?
polyatomic ion or radical
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a group of symbols that represent all of the elements present in a compound is
a formula
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an atom that has either a positive or a negative charge is called
an ion
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an atom that has gained electrons is called
an anion
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an atom that has lost electrons is
a cation
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an atom that has lost or gained electrons is
an ion
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an ion with a negative charge is
an anion
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elements are made up of very small units of matter called
atoms
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give the formula that tells us there are two combined atoms of copper
Cu2
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how does an ion get its charge?
the atom must have either lost or gained electrons
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how is the arrow in a chemical equation read?
it indicates the direction of the reaction
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ions which are positively charged are
cations
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know the names and formulas for the required polyatomic ions
- Ammonium NH4
- Hydroxide OH
- Nitrate NO3
- Nitrite NO2
- Sulfate SO4
- Sulfite SO3
- Phosphate PO4
- Phosphite PO3
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the combination of two or more atoms is
a molecule
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the combination of two or more elements is
a compound
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the electrical charge formed when an atom loses or gains electrons is the
oxidation number
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what does each of the following mean:
Cl
Cl2
2Cl
2Cl2
- Cl.....one atom of Chlorine
- Cl2...one molecule of Chlorine
- 2Cl...two seperate atoms of Chlorine
- 2Cl2..two molecules of Chlorine
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what does the arrow do in a chemical equation?
indicates the direction of the reaction
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what is the following called?
Fe + CuSO4 ---> FeSO4 + Cu
a chemical equation
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what is the term for those elemeents that combine two atoms together in order to be stable?
diatomic
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what term applies to those elements which combine several atoms together inorder to be stable?
polyatomic
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what was the example given for rapid oxidation?
burning of wood
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what was the example given for slow oxidation?
rusting of metal
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when four electrons are shared, it forms what?
double covalent bond
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when ions are formed, they are attempting to take on the electronic configuration of what?
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when one pair of electrons are shared, it forms what?
single covalent bond
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when six electrons are shared, it forms what?
triple covalent bond
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when three pair of electrons are shared, it forms what?
triple covalent bond
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when two electrons are shared, it forms what?
single covalent bond
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when two pair of electrons are shared, it forms what?
double covalent bond
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where does the oxidation number come from?
the electrical charge formed when an atom loses or gains electrons
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list all the characterstics of hydrogen
the first element to appear on the Periodic Table of Elements
in its gaseous state at room temperature
considered the smallest, lightest and simplest element known
the most abundant element in the universe
the word hydrogen means "water-former"
when it is isolated from other substances, it exixts as a pair of hydrogen atoms linked together by means of the covalent bond
pure molecular hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas
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what are compounds that contain oxygen called?
oxides
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what are the most typical members of the halogen family?
- Chlorine
- Bromine
- Flourine
- Iodine
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what does the word hydrogen mean?
"water-former"
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what is always found as a component of organic compounds such as amino acids, enzymes, and proteins?
nitrogen
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what is chlorine most often used for?
- bleaching agent
- disinfectant
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what is formed when nitrogen based compounds combine with formaldehyde?
protein coagulate
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what is the first element to appear on the Periodic Table?
hydrogen
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what is the most abundant element is the univarse?
hydrogen
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what is the most abundant element on earth?
oxygen
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what is the most familiar halogen?
chlorine
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what is the smallest, lightest, and simplest element known?
hydrogen
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where are the halogens found on the periodic table?
group 7
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Consider the following compound ....NaHCO3
How many atoms of Na are there?
How many atoms of H are there?
How many atoms of C are there?
How many atoms of O are there?
How many molecules of the compound are there?
- 1 atom of Na
- 1 atom of H
- 1 atom of C
- 3 atoms of O
- 1 molecule
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Consider the following compound ....2Na2CO3
How many atoms of Na are there?
How many atoms of C are there?
How many atoms of O are there?
How many molecules of the compound are there?
- 4 atoms of Na
- 2 atoms of C
- 6 atoms of O
- 2 molecule2
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