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permanent incisors
- 8 total, four max four man.
- Labial
- anterior teeth
- no cusps
- single root
- cuttingflat chisel like
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Permanent canines
- 4 total 2 max two man
- single cusp long single root
- tearing,cutting, holding
- labial
-
Permanent PREmolars
- 8 total
- two cusps 1-2 roots
- purpose is grinding
-
Permanent molars
- 12 total
- 3 + cusps
- 2+ roots
- purpose grinding
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teeth- adult vs child
- Adult, 12 molars, 8 premolars, 4 canines, 8 incisors
- Child, 8 molars, no premolars, 4 canines, 8 incisors
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What animals posess that humans dont
- Penis bone - bacculum
- metapodials
- plexiform bone
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what human have that animals don't
- separate clavicle
- unfused tibia, fibula and ulna
- metacarpals
-
animal vs human bone
- Animal has a smoother cortical surface
- smoother surface
- greater bone density relative to size
- thicker bone cross section
- bears have claws + distal ends of their phalanges are more grooved
-
Contemporary bones
- Yellowish
- greasy
- heavy/solid - due to organic matter
- smooth
- tough
- surgical implants
- coffins
-
Non contemporary bones
- discoloured
- grainy
- dry
- light and fragmented
- sun bleaching if left out
- colour of surrounding soil if in ground
- fragile
- decorative dentalfilling
- severe dental wear
- disfigured skulls
-
Non interest in bones if they are
flexed, semi flexed, in coffin, extended coffin burial
-
4 tasks of recovery scene methods
Location, mapping, extracting and collecting
-
methods of recovery scnece methods established by
Morse et. al
-
Mass disaster scene
- Many personnel required
- scene known so first stage unecessary
- collected immiediately to avoid decray and identification possibilities
- numbers assigned to bodies
- central axis used instead of grid system
- temporary morgue
- victim identificaiton system
- questionnaire for families
-
Genocide
definition
Crime committed with intent to destroy in whole or in part a national, ethnic,racial, religious grou
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the 3 components to genocide investigation
- Preforensic investigation
- - identification of site, eye witness and using aerial photos
- Forensic investigation
- -has four main group of people
- - chief investigator
- -chief archaeologist -site excavation
- -chief anthropologist - charge of skeletal analysis
- chief pathologist - establishc c. of death and identity of victims
-
6 stages of decomp
fresh, early, active, advanced, skeletal/dry, extreme decomp
-
four stages of fresh decay
- Pallor - paleness (can only used <30min)
- Algor - temp (18 hours)
- Livor - blueness of death
- -settling of blood (no blood at contact pallor)
- Rigor - stiffness of death
- - small muscles (2-4 hrs) big muscles (12 hrs), finish in 24 hours
-
Early decomp
- Autolysis and putrefaction
- green abdomen (cecum) lower right side (24-36)
- marbling (36-48)
- bloating (36-72)
- purging of fluids, frothy = lungs 3 days~week
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Active decay
- Black putrefaction 10 - 25 days
- smell of death hydrogen sulphide, putrescine, CH4, cadaverine
- bloating gona, flat skin peeling back
- digestive organs first to decomp - muscles and connective tissue last.
-
advanced decay
- 20-50 days
- butyric fermentation - breaking down of fluids creating a cheesy smell.
- body finished flatening and fluids drying
- mummification occuring (warm dry conditions) can take 1 to 6 months to occur, skin leathery and organs like putty
- adipocere (grave wax) hydrolysis of fat
- occurs in anerobic conditions (water) where bacteria can no longer survive, causing the body to slow in decomp
- 1 to several months
-
skeletal/dry remains
- 50+ days
- body reduced to skeletons
- little soft tissue left
- use soil samples ot find tissue break down
- dermestid beetles, moths and bacteria feed on hair and keratin, mites eat bacteria
-
extreme decomp
- bleaching
- exfoliaiton - loss of bone metaphysis and epiphysis
-
body left outside 1 week =
body in water 2 weeks and body in soil for 8 weeks
-
times line of adult fly cycle
egg 24 hours = 1st instar larva +27 hours =2nd instar larva =+22 hourss = 3rd instar larva +130 hours = papa + 143 hours = fly
-
descriptive qualities of fly cycle
- eggs - small rice grains
- larvae- cooked rice grains
- pupae - brown rice grains
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