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Describe the structure of the Nucleus
- Surrounded by a nuclear enveloppe composed of double membranes with pores
- Contains a nucleolus
- Contains chromatin (DNA uncoils)
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Describe the function of the Nucleus
- Controls the activity of a cell
- Site of transcription
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Describe the structure of the Nucleolus
- Dense area located in the nucleus
- Not membrane-bound
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Describe the function of the Nucleolus
- Site of rRNA synthesis
- Synthesis of ribosomes
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Describe the structure of a Ribosome
Two sub-units composed of rRNA + protein
- Free ribosomeIn cytoplasm on cytoskeleton
- Bound ribosomeAttached on the outside surface of the RER
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Describe the function of a Ribosome
- Site of all protein synthesis -> 8 functions of proteins
- Protein exportation
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Describe the structure of an RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum)
- Network of membranes contiunous (attached to) the nucleus
- Has bound ribosomes
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Describe the function of the RER
- Protein exportation
- Synthesis of glycoproteins
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Describe the structure of the SER
Network of bound membranes with no bound ribosomes
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Describe the function of the SER
- Synthesis of lipids (i.e. phospholipids)Detoxification of drugs + toxins
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Describe the structure of the Golgi apparatus (complexe, body)
- Flaps of membranes with distended ends
- Surrounded by vesicles
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Describe the function of the Golgi
- Stores, processes and delivers proteins
- Sythesis of lysosomes
- "
Lays down" cellulose to create cell wall in plants
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Describe the structure of a lysosome
- Membrane-bound sack containing strong enzymes for hydrolysis
- Found only in animal cells
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Describe the stucture of a vacuole in an animal cell
Small and membrane bound
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Describe the function of a vacuole in an animal cell
- Food vacuole
- Formed by phagocytosis for intracellular digestion
- Contractile vacuole
- Pumps water out of cell with ATP
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Describe the structure of a vacuole in plant cells
Very large, membrane bound
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Describe the function of a vacuole in plant cells
Used for storage, tugor pressure, breaking down damaged organells
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What does the endomembrane system consist of?
Nucleus, RER, SER, Golgi, Lysosomes, Plasma Membrane
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Describe the structure of a peroxisome
- Membrane-bound
- Holds enzymes
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Describe the function of a peroxisome
- Breaking down fats, oils for energy, to make ATP in mitochodria
- Breakdown of alcohol in liver
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Describe the structure of a centrosome
- Dense area near nucleus, not membrane-bound
- Found in both plant and animal cells
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Describe the funtion of a centrosome
- Makes the cytoskeletonMakes the mitotic spindle
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Describe the structure of centrioles
- Found only in animal cells
- Two rods at right angles eache composed of 9 triplets of micro-tubules
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